Déversoir tyrolien

Man checking the grid at a Tyrolean Weir. Tanzania. Photo: D. Bourman, Aqua for All.

Un Déversoir tyrolien est une structure dans laquelle l'eau est prélevée du flux principal à travers une grille placée au-dessus d'un caniveau. La rigole est habituellement en béton et construite dans le lit de la rivière. La grille est placée au sommet sur la pente descendante (15-30 degrés), pour augmenter la vitesse d'écoulement et empêcher les sédiments transportés par le cours d'eau de la bloquer. De là, l'eau s'introduit dans une canalisation, se déverse dans une fosse de sédimentation puis s'écoule sous l'effet de la gravité dans le reste du système.

Les barrages et structures laissant passer l'eau sur les berges sont des éléments des systèmes de distribution d'eau de rivière qui sont vulnérables et coûteux. Ils sont facilement endommagés par des inondations, des courants de fond, des infiltration et de l'accumulation de sédiments ou de déchets dans l'eau. Le déversoir tyrolien représente une alternative plus fiable et moins coûteuse.

Suitable conditions

Tyrolean intakes are used in small permanent rivers and streams where the sediment content and bed load transport are low, or on the crest of a dam spill.

The weir or intake should be carefully sited.

The weir itself does not clean or purify the water.

Avantages	Inconvénients
- More reliable and cheaper compared to dams and water inlet structures in river embankments - They do not affect water flow to communities downstream	- None known

Resilience to changes in the environment

Drought effects on cement

Effects of drought: Badly made concrete or cracked linings (e.g. in tanks, dams, waterways, wells, and other structures).

Underlying causes of effects: Less water used for curing; Impure water used for mixing.

To increase resiliency of WASH system: Ensure adequate mixing, ratios, purity of ingredients; Minimize water content in mixture; Ensure adequate curing.

More information on managing drought: Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas.

Construction, operations and maintenance

Tyrolian weirs are meant to intake water from mountain rivers that are very turbulent. Photo: Vienna University of Technology

A Tyrolean weir can either consist of parallel rods or a perforated plate, installed in the flow direction over the width of the stream with a 15-30 degree downward slope. Large stones, branches and large leaves cannot pass between the rods, and are prevented from entering the gutter. Because the rods / plate slopes downward, the material in the stream is pushed downstream, until it drops over the end of the weir.

The threshold can be a concrete elevation above the rocky bed of a mountain stream, or a vertical low weir structure, anchored in the embankment. The capacity of the inlet pipe / drain (diameter and gradient) should be 30% more than the design flow and have an uniform gradient to prevent accumulation of sand. The sedimentation tank can accumulate 1.5-2 m³ of deposits and allows water to filter for 10 to 30 minutes at very low speed. It is cleaned by washing it out.

Maintenance

Several visits per year to the site are necessary for inspection, cleaning and minor repairs. Overall, maintenance is easy to carry out due to low-tech structure and the use of local labour and materials.

Regular inspection and cleaning of the grit / rack and possibly the gutter and sedimentation tank is required during and after storm periods.

Costs

• Material (excluding the pipe and sedimentation tank): US$ 300 - 600.
• Labour (if site is easily accessible): 30 - 50 man days.

Manuals, videos and links

• Surface water intake and small dams. Chapter 11. Revised by Nhamo Masanganise.

Acknowledgements

• CARE Nederland, Desk Study: Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas. October 2010.