Difference between revisions of "Portail d'Hygiène"
From Akvopedia
(→Systèmes d’assainissement) |
|||
| Line 109: | Line 109: | ||
|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here --> | |align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here --> | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Réacteur anaérobie à chicanes|width=91|link=Réacteur anaérobie à chicanes}} <br> [[Réacteur anaérobie à chicanes]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Filtre Anaérobie|width=91|link=Filtre Anaérobie}} <br> [[Filtre Anaérobie]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Bassins de lagunage|width=91|link=Bassins de lagunage}} <br> [[Bassins de lagunage]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Lagunage aérés|width=91|link=Lagunage aérés}} <br> [[Lagunage aérés]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal superficiel|width=91|link=Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal superficiel}} <br> [[Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal superficiel]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal sous-surface|width=91|link=Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal sous-surface}} <br> [[Filtre planté à écoulement horizontal sous-surface]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Filtre planté à écoulement vertical|width=91|link=Filtre planté à écoulement vertical}} <br> [[Filtre planté à écoulement vertical]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Lit bactérien|width=91|link=Lit bactérien}} <br> [[Lit bactérien]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Digesteur anaérobie à flux ascendant|width=91|link=Digesteur anaérobie à flux ascendant}} <br> [[Digesteur anaérobie à flux ascendant]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Boues activés|width=91|link=Boues activés}} <br> [[Boues activés]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Bassins de sédimentation et d’épaississement|width=91|link=Bassins de sédimentation et d’épaississement}} <br> [[Bassins de sédimentation et d’épaississement]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Lits de séchage non plantés|width=91|link=Lits de séchage non plantés}} <br> [[Lits de séchage non plantés]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Lits de séchage plantés|width=91|link=Lits de séchage plantés}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co- | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-Compostage|width=91|link=Co-Compostage}} <br> [[Co-Compostage]] |
|} | |} | ||
{|style="height:140px" | {|style="height:140px" | ||
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Réacteur Anaérobie à Biogaz|width=91|link=Réacteur Anaérobie à Biogaz}} <br> [[Réacteur Anaérobie à Biogaz]] |
|} | |} | ||
<!-- Content Column 4 ends here --> | <!-- Content Column 4 ends here --> | ||
Revision as of 12:50, 1 June 2010
This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level.
A sanitation system does not consist of a single technology described below. A complete sanitation system consists of a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, the transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page.
Systèmes d’assainissement
Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.
Sanitation systems
In this section we give an example of a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a Urine Diverting Dry Toilet connecting to Storage tanks, where the faeces are taken away through Human-Powered Emptying and Transport to be processed through Co-composting and then finally be used through Application of Compost - Eco-Humus and the Application of Urine.
The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.
| 1 Single Pit System | 2 Waterless System with Alternating Pits | 3 Pour Flush System with Twin Pits | 4 Waterless System with Urine Diversion | 5 Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration | 6 Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage | 7 (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System | 8 Sewerage System with Urine Diversion |
Acknowledgements
- The majority of the material in this portal was adapted from: Tilley, E. et al. (2008). Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Eawag: The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Currently, WASTE is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.
- Smart Sanitation Solutions produced in collaboration with Netherlands Water Partnership, WASTE, PRACTICA, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, SIMAWI and Partners voor Water
