Difference between revisions of "地下水回灌"
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Permeable rock dams]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Permeable rock dams]] | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration ponds]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration ponds|渗透池塘]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour trenches]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour trenches|等高沟渠]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour ridges]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Contour ridges|等高田埂]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bunds]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bunds|堤岸]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Permeable rock dams]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Permeable rock dams|渗透性石坝]]</div> |
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Controlled flooding / Spreading basins]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Controlled flooding / Spreading basins]] | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sand dam]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sand dam|沙坝]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Check dams (gully plugs)]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Check dams (gully plugs)|淤地坝]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Leaky dams]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Leaky dams|渗漏型坝]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Gabions]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Gabions|石笼]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Controlled_flooding_/_Spreading_basins| | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Controlled_flooding_/_Spreading_basins|受控洪泛盆地]]</div> |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tube recharge]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tube recharge|补给管]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration wells]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration wells|渗透井]]</div> |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes| | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes|水井、竖井和钻井]]</div> |
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|style="background:#efefef;"| | |style="background:#efefef;"| | ||
Revision as of 22:55, 27 April 2015
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地下水回灌是指通过渗透性水池，沟渠，大坝或注水井等人造运输方式来增加天然地下水的供给。含水层存储和修复(ASR)是地下水回灌的一个类型，它不仅可以增加地下水资源，还可以修复未来的水资源供各方面使用。
考虑因素：气候变化
- 需要更多储存容量来克服季节性干旱期以及减少洪涝。
- 降雨强度过高会超出土地的渗透能力。这时可以增加存储，增强渗透力或采取人工回灌。
- 降雨量过低则会导致需要运输和储蓄其他地方的水。
- 植被的变化会引起蒸散，地表径流，侵蚀和泥沙输移或沉降等变化。这就需要良好的水土保护措施，例如修建梯田。
实践经验
以下工程应用了地下水回灌技术，属于在Akvo.org极简报告（RSR） 中列出的项目。
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 工程前期研究 |
 社区WASH工程及安全孕产工程 |
地下水回灌链接
- 3R 智能方法
- 非洲地下水文学档案：该档案是一个可搜索数据库，包含已发表和未发表的关于非洲地下水的各类文献，其中有报告，期刊文章， 会议论文和地图。该数据库的很多文档都可免费下载；不可下载的文档则会提供在线摘要的链接，无在线资源的文档则会提供完整的书目参考文献。
- 非洲南部和东部地下水资源的可持续发展。 国际原子能机构。
- 雨水收集和利用。 或 (链接任选其一)。蓝水滴系列：第二册：受益者与能力建设者。联合国人居署。
- 含水层补给管理（MAR）
- 大量关于农业用水的百科知识：Agropedia
鸣谢
- Tuinhof, Albert and Heederik, Jan Piet. Management of Aquifer Recharge and Subsurface Storage or (alternative link). Netherlands National Committee for the IAH and Netherlands Hydrological Society. 2002.
- Aquifer Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR). United States EPA.
- Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
- CARE Nederland, Desk Study: Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas. October 2010.
