Difference between revisions of "钻井或挖掘井"

From Akvopedia
Jump to: navigation, search
(Created page with "{{Language-box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming...")
 
(→‎人工钻井链接)
 
(13 intermediate revisions by 2 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
−
{{Language-box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}
+
{{Language-box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=钻井或挖掘井 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}
  
 
获取地下水资源不是一件轻而易举的事情，本节将讲解许多不同类型的钻井方法（钻井深度及费用各不同）。例如，据说非洲的地下水资源比其他大洲更为丰富。尽管如此，使用机器钻井对于大部分非洲人而言费用太高。与使用机器钻井相比，人工钻浅井（最深35米）的费用降低4到10倍。费用降低后，非营利性组织和政府就能钻取更多的水井，同时村民、农民、学校和小型社区可以在私有企业的援助下自主钻取水井。
 
获取地下水资源不是一件轻而易举的事情，本节将讲解许多不同类型的钻井方法（钻井深度及费用各不同）。例如，据说非洲的地下水资源比其他大洲更为丰富。尽管如此，使用机器钻井对于大部分非洲人而言费用太高。与使用机器钻井相比，人工钻浅井（最深35米）的费用降低4到10倍。费用降低后，非营利性组织和政府就能钻取更多的水井，同时村民、农民、学校和小型社区可以在私有企业的援助下自主钻取水井。
Line 12: Line 12:
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - general|手钻–常规]]  
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=手钻-常规]]  
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig|手钻- 三脚架钻进机]]  
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|100px|link=手钻-三脚架钻井机]]  
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - driven wells|手钻-管井]]
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|100px|link=手钻-管井]]
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=Percussion drilling|冲击钻井]]
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=冲击钻井]]
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|100px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer|冲击钻井-石锤法]]  
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|100px|link=冲击钻井 — 石锤法]]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general|手钻–常规]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[手钻-常规 | 手钻–常规]]</div>
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - Vonder rig|手钻- 三脚架钻进机]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[手钻-三脚架钻井机 | 手钻- 三脚架钻进机]]</div>
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - driven wells|手钻-管井]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[手钻-管井 | 手钻-管井]]</div>
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion drilling|冲击钻井]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[冲击钻井 | 冲击钻井]]</div>
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - Stone hammer|冲击钻井-石锤法]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[冲击钻井 — 石锤法 | 冲击钻井 — 石锤法]]</div>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
Line 30: Line 30:
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - general]]
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=水力喷射 — 综述]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|100px|link=喷射-由引擎发动的旋喷]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]  
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]  
 
|-
 
|-
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general|喷射 – 常规]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[水力喷射 — 综述]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - EMAS method|喷射 - EMAS 方法]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - EMAS method|喷射 - EMAS 方法]]</div>
−
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|喷射- 由引擎发动的旋喷]]</div>
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[喷射-由引擎发动的旋喷]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Rota sludge|除泥 - Rota除泥]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Rota sludge|除泥 - Rota除泥]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Baptist method|除泥  - Baptist 方法]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Baptist method|除泥  - Baptist 方法]]</div>
Line 84: Line 84:
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
===Field experiences===
+
===实地经验===
−
These projects may be utilizing manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in [http://akvo.org/blog/akvo-really-simple-reporting-rsp/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)] on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
+
这些工程可能会使用人工挖掘或钻井，并且列在了网站[http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org]的[http://akvo.org/blog/akvo-really-simple-reporting-rsp/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)|易汇报]中。
  
 
{{RSR_table
 
{{RSR_table
−
|1image=rsr 703.jpg|1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/703/ |1project#=703|1project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Mexico|
+
|1image=rsr 703.jpg|1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/703/ |1project#=703|1project name=MWA-LAP: <br>墨西哥|
−
|2image=rsr 727.jpg|2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/|2project#=727|2project name=TESO North School and Community WASH Project|
+
|2image=rsr 727.jpg|2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/|2project#=727|2project name=TESO North 学校和社区WASH 工程|
−
|3image=rsr 397.jpg|3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/397/ |3project#=397|3project name=Eau Hygiène et Assainissement|
+
|3image=rsr 397.jpg|3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/397/ |3project#=397|3project name=Eau Hygiène et Assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）|
−
|4image=rsr 401.jpg|4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |4project#=401|4project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement|
+
|4image=rsr 401.jpg|4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |4project#=401|4project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）|
−
|5image=rsr 473.jpg|5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/ |5project#=473|5project name=Project <br>Water4Tomorrow|
+
|5image=rsr 473.jpg|5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/ |5project#=473|5project name=Project <br>Water4Tomorrow(明日之水)|
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{RSR_table
 
{{RSR_table
−
|1image=project 922.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ |1project#=922 |1project name=WaterAid Rural <br>WASH Project |
+
|1image=project 922.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ |1project#=922 |1project name=农村水援助 WASH 工程|
−
|2image=project 529.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/529/ |2project#=529 |2project name=Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project |
+
|2image=project 529.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/529/ |2project#=529 |2project name=净水工程 |
−
|3image=project 788.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/788/ |3project#=788 |3project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Nicaragua |
+
|3image=project 788.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/788/ |3project#=788 |3project name=MWA-LAP: <br>尼加拉瓜 |
−
|4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia |
+
|4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH 联盟工程, 埃塞俄比亚的AMREF |
−
|5image=project 822.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/822/ |5project#=822 |5project name=Urban WASH II <br>in Monrovia |
+
|5image=project 822.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/822/ |5project#=822 |5project name=蒙罗维亚城市WASH II|
 
}}
 
}}
 
{{RSR_table
 
{{RSR_table
−
|1image=project 933.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/933/ |1project#=933 |1project name=Accelerating Sanitation and Water for All 1 |
+
|1image=project 933.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/933/ |1project#=933 |1project name=加速净水工程1|
−
|2image=project 1112.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1112/ |2project#=1112 |2project name=Child Friendly <br>School WASH Project II |
+
|2image=project 1112.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1112/ |2project#=1112 |2project name=学校儿童 WASH 工程 II |
−
|3image=project 1366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1366/ |3project#=1366 |3project name=Rural Boreholes and Rehabilitation 1 |
+
|3image=project 1366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1366/ |3project#=1366 |3project name=农村钻井和重建1 |
−
|4image=project 1367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1367/ |4project#=1367 |4project name=Panta District <br>Rural Water Project 1 |
+
|4image=project 1367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1367/ |4project#=1367 |4project name=Panta 区农村水工程1|
−
|5image=project 1374.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ |5project#=1374 |5project name=Integrated Community Water and Hygiene |
+
|5image=project 1374.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ |5project#=1374 |5project name=社区水卫生综合工程 |
 
}}
 
}}
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
===Manual drilling comparison of methods===
+
===人工钻井方法比较===
−
[[Image: Drilling Method Selection.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Drilling Method Selection. Chart: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire.]]
+
[[Image: Drilling Method Selection.jpg|thumb|none|600px|钻井方法选择. 图表来源: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire（ 英国拉夫堡大学）.]]
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
−
===Manual drilling links===
+
 
 +
===人工钻井链接===
 
{|style="font-size: 120%;" cellpadding="5"
 
{|style="font-size: 120%;" cellpadding="5"
 
|-
 
|-
−
|{{#ev:youtube|_lapu0LB-wM|200|auto|<center>How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 1</center>}}
+
|{{#ev:youtube|_lapu0LB-wM|200|auto|<center>如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 1</center>}}
−
|{{#ev:youtube|l-ftnqIpnJU|200|auto|<center>How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 2</center>}}
+
|{{#ev:youtube|l-ftnqIpnJU|200|auto|<center>如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 2</center>}}
−
|{{#ev:youtube|3OsMJ3KGzls|200|auto|<center>Professionalizing Manual Drilling: <br>2. Building Capacity (English)</center>}}
+
|{{#ev:youtube|3OsMJ3KGzls|200|auto|<center>实现专业化的人工钻井: 2. 建筑能力(英文)</center>}}
 
|-
 
|-
−
|{{#ev:youtube|ibyj2BlhENo|200|auto|<center>Professionlizing Manual Well <br>Drilling: 4. Mapping (English)</center>}}
+
|{{#ev:youtube|ibyj2BlhENo|200|auto|<center>实现专业化的人工钻井: 4. 定位 (英文)</center>}}
−
|{{#ev:youtube|lvfczoIsG4s|200|auto|<center>Professionalizing Manual Well <br>Drilling: 2. Drilling Techniques</center>}}
+
|{{#ev:youtube|lvfczoIsG4s|200|auto|<center>实现专业化的人工钻井: 2. 钻井技术</center>}}
 
|}
 
|}
  
−
* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/index.php?option=com_hwdvideoshare&task=viewvideo&Itemid=4&video_id=611 Manual drilling and pump installation, Madagascar] by The Water Channel.
+
* 视频: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/media-gallery/641-manual-drilling-and-pump-installation-madagascar 人工钻井和水泵安装，马达加斯加] by The Water Channel.
−
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
+
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 人工钻井技术], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
−
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
+
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf • 非洲地下水和气候变化：坎帕拉宣言] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
−
===Acknowledgements===
+
===鸣谢===
−
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf Understanding Groundwater and Wells in Manual Drilling]. Unicef.org.
+
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf 理解人工钻井和地下水]. Unicef.org.

Latest revision as of 02:24, 18 May 2016

English Français Español भारत മലയാളം தமிழ் 한국어 中國 Indonesia Japanese

获取地下水资源不是一件轻而易举的事情，本节将讲解许多不同类型的钻井方法（钻井深度及费用各不同）。例如，据说非洲的地下水资源比其他大洲更为丰富。尽管如此，使用机器钻井对于大部分非洲人而言费用太高。与使用机器钻井相比，人工钻浅井（最深35米）的费用降低4到10倍。费用降低后，非营利性组织和政府就能钻取更多的水井，同时村民、农民、学校和小型社区可以在私有企业的援助下自主钻取水井。

气候变化因素
随着气候变化（如干旱），一些地方的地下水可能会逐渐干涸，因此可能需要钻取更深的水井（费用也会更高）。由于在干旱时含水层的水量变少，就应该避免上层滞水含水层（含水层比水位还高）。滨海含水层可能会遭到咸水的影响，因此一定要检查水质。


Auger drilling.jpg
Vonder rig.jpg
Point and well.jpg
Percussion drilling.jpg
Stone hammer well drilling.PNG
手钻–常规
手钻- 三脚架钻进机
手钻-管井
冲击钻井
冲击钻井 — 石锤法
Manually rotated jetting small.jpg
Emas drilling small.jpg
Jetting engine small.jpg
Rota sludge small.jpg
Baptist drilling small.jpg
水力喷射 — 综述
喷射 - EMAS 方法
喷射-由引擎发动的旋喷
除泥 - Rota除泥
除泥 - Baptist 方法
Asian sludge small.jpg
HandDugWell small.jpg
Infiltration well small.JPG
Riverbed Well small.jpg
Jetted driven well point small.jpg
除泥-亚洲方法
传统的手动挖井
透水井
在河床手动挖井
河床喷射和管井
Refilled well small.jpg
Bamboo screens small.jpg
深水井
竹筛


实地经验

这些工程可能会使用人工挖掘或钻井，并且列在了网站Akvo.org的Really Simple Reporting (RSR)|易汇报中。


Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 703
MWA-LAP:
墨西哥
RSR Project 727
TESO North 学校和社区WASH 工程
RSR Project 397
Eau Hygiène et Assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）
RSR Project 401
Eau, hygiène et assainissement（水、卫生与污水排放）
RSR Project 473
Project
Water4Tomorrow(明日之水)
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 922
农村水援助 WASH 工程
RSR Project 529
净水工程
RSR Project 788
MWA-LAP:
尼加拉瓜
RSR Project 388
WASH 联盟工程, 埃塞俄比亚的AMREF
RSR Project 822
蒙罗维亚城市WASH II
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 933
加速净水工程1
RSR Project 1112
学校儿童 WASH 工程 II
RSR Project 1366
农村钻井和重建1
RSR Project 1367
Panta 区农村水工程1
RSR Project 1374
社区水卫生综合工程


人工钻井方法比较

钻井方法选择. 图表来源: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire（ 英国拉夫堡大学）.


人工钻井链接

如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 1
如何在非洲实现专业化的人工钻井 2
实现专业化的人工钻井: 2. 建筑能力(英文)
实现专业化的人工钻井: 4. 定位 (英文)
实现专业化的人工钻井: 2. 钻井技术


鸣谢

Retrieved from "https://akvopedia.org/s_wiki/index.php?title=钻井或挖掘井&oldid=33110"