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Construction, operations and maintenance
* Soil infiltration rates and soil properties based on physical soil investigations on site (e.g. how does sandy, loamy, or clay soils absorb water?)
* Once area, rainfall data, and soil data are collected, then total trench capacity can be determined. The runoff volume minus what would infiltrate in the trenches during the rainfall event would be the trench capacity.
* Trench dimension and spacing in the catchment can then now be calculated. This then has to be checked with local preferences and adjusted accordingly. Trenches in Vietnam were originally designed as rectangular trenches 4m wide by 1m deep, but modified according to requests from local people to trapezoidal trenches 2.5m wide at top and 1m wide at base and 0.75m deep. Trenches should also then be over-dimensioned (exaggerated) to allow long-term runoff volume to be stored despite a lack of maintenance – things like siltation and erosion of the banks will reduce infiltration capacity and volume over time.
* It seems wise to pilot contour trenches in an area before scaling up.
* Trenches are dug in line with topographical contours.
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