When the total cash flow is broken down into the [[#Life-cycle costs|life-cycle cost categories]], only a small amount of the ''total cash flow need '' per year , to keep the projects running , was covered by the community in form of operation and maintenance costs (e.g. 24%) as shown in figure 3 , below (Koestler, Koestler and Koestler, 2010). '''Figure 3. Total cash flow by source of income for Katunguru in 2010 USD'''[[Image:Costs fg 3.jpg|thumb|center|600px|Figure 3. Source: Koestler, Koestler and Koestler, 2010]] ==Key documents==• Fonseca, C. et al., 2010a. [https://sites.google.com/a/irc.nl/irc-glossary/glossary-terms/life-cycle-costs-approach-lcca Life-cycle costs approach : glossary and cost components]. (WASHCost briefing note; no. 1). The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. • Fonseca, C. et al., 2010b. [http://www.washcost.info/docsearch/title/176684 A multi dimensional framework for costing sustainable water and sanitation services in low-income settings]: lessons from collecting actual life cycle costs for rural and peri-urban areas of Ghana, Burkina Faso, Mozambique and Andhra Pradesh. (WASHCost research report; V1.0). The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. • IRC, 2012. [http://www.washcost.info/page/2386 Providing a basic level of water and sanitation services that last: cost benchmarks]. (WASHCost infosheet; 1.] The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre Information sheet provides an overview of the minimum benchmarks for costing sustainable basic services in developing countries. The benchmarks have been derived from the WASHCost project dataset and the best available cost data from other organisations all over the world. The benchmarks are useful for planning, assessing sustainability from a cost perspective and for monitoring value for money. • Koestler, L., Koestler, A.G. and Koestler, M.A., 2010. [http://www.irc.nl/media/irc_symposium_2010_pdf_s/6_koestler_koestler_et_al_the_cost_of_keeping_a_rural_water_system_running The cost of keeping a rural water system running]: cost tracking of three rural water supplies in Uganda : paper presented at the IRC symposium ‘ Pumps, Pipes and Promises: Costs, Finances and Accountability for Sustainable WASH Services' in The Hague, The Netherlands from 16 - 18 November 2010. The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. • Pezon, C., 2010. [http://www.washcost.info/page/842 Decentralisation and the use of cost data in WASHCost project countries: synthesis of country reports 2009]. (WASHCost briefing note; no. 2). [online] The Hague, The Netherlands: IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. ==Links==• WASHCost was five-year action research programme, running from 2008 to 2012. The WASHCost team gathered information related to the costs of providing water, sanitation, and hygiene services for an entire life-cycle of a service - from implementation all the way to post-construction. The WASHCost programme was led by IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre with several partners to collect data in the rural and peri-urban areas of Burkina Faso, Ghana, India, and Mozambique. For more information see www.washcost.info• The Costing Sustainable Services online course was developed to assist governments, NGOs, donors and individuals to plan and budget for sustainable and equitable WASH services, using a life-cycle cost approach. The Life-cycle cost approach is a methodology for costing sustainable water, sanitation and hygiene service delivery and comparing the costs to the level of service received by users. For more information see http://www.washcost.info/page/2448• Triple-S (Sustainable Services at Scale) is a six-year, multi-country learning initiative to improve water supply to the rural poor. It is led by IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre. The initiative is currently operating in Ghana and Uganda. Lessons learned from work in countries feeds up to the international level where Triple-S is promoting a re-appraisal of how development assistance to the rural water supply sector is designed and implemented. For more information see http://www.waterservicesthatlast.org/
