Based on research from the [http://campaign.washcost.info/life_cycle_cost_approach_promotion/key_findings_on_costing_water_services WASHCost project], the one-time capital expenditure for preparing and installing a borehole and handpump (at 2011 prices) range from US$ 20 per person to just over US$ 60 per person (see table 1). For small piped schemes, including mechanised boreholes, benchmark costs range from US$ 30 to just over US$ 130 per person. For intermediate and larger schemes benchmark capital costs vary widely from US$ 20 to US$ 152 per person. Recurrent costs benchmarks range from US$ 3 to US$ 6 per person per year for boreholes and handpumps, and from US$ 3 to US$ 15 per person per year for piped schemes.
{|style="color: white; background-color:#4682B4;" class="wikitable"
|Cost component
|Primary formal water source in area of intervention
|Cost range US$ (2011) [min-max]
|-
|rowspan="3" style="color: black; background-color:#ffffff;"|'''Total capital expenditure''' (per person)
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Borehole and handpump
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|20-61
|-
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Small schemes (serving less than 500 people) or medium schemes (serving between 500-5000 people) including: mechanised boreholes, single town schemes, multi-town schemes and mixed, piped supply.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"| 30-131
|-
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Intermediate (5,001-15,000 or larger: more than 15,001)
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|20-152
|-
|rowspan="2" style="color: black; background-color:LightGrey;"|'''Total recurrent expenditure''' (per person, per year)
|style="color:black; background-color:LightGrey;"|Borehole and handpump
|style="color:black; background-color:LightGrey;"|3-6
|-
|style="color:black; background-color:LightGrey;"|All piped schemes
|style="color:black; background-color:LightGrey;"| 3-15
|}
The costs as shown in table 1 (above) are based on the provision of a basic level of water service, as defined by [http://www.washcost.info/ WASHCost]. A basic service implies that the following criteria have been realised by the majority of the population in the service area: People access a minimum of 20 litres per person per day, of acceptable quality (judged by user perception and country standards) from an improved source which functions at least 350 days a year without a serious breakdown, spending no more than 30 minutes per day per round trip (including waiting time).
Based on research from the [http://campaign.washcost.info/life_cycle_cost_approach_promotion/key_findings_on_costing_water_services WASHCost project], the cost of preparing and building a traditional pit latrine that can provide a basic level of service ranges from US$ 7-26 (at 2011 prices) (see table 2).
The cost of a pit latrine with a concrete slab, or of a VIP latrine ranges from US$ 36 to more than US$ 350. The benchmark costs of pour-flush or septic-tank latrines range between US$ 90-360 (rounded).
Recurrent expenditure range from US$ 1.5 for low-cost pit latrines per person per year to US$ 11.5 per person per year for the most expensive pour-flush or septic-tank latrines.
