Difference between revisions of "Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water"
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:River-bottomIntake.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:River-bottomIntake.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake]] | ||
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Floating Intake Diagram.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Floating Intake Diagram.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake]] | ||
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SumpIntakeDiagram.JPG|center|100px|link=Sump intake]] | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SumpIntakeDiagram.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake]] |
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection | Springwater Collection]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection | Springwater Collection]]</div> | ||
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake | River-bottom intake]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake | River-bottom intake]]</div> | ||
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake | Floating intake]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake | Floating intake]]</div> | ||
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sump intake]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake | Sump intake]]</div> |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Catchment dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Catchment and storage dams]] | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Catchment dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams]] |
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Tyrolean_weir_small.JPG|center|100px|link=Tyrolean weir]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Tyrolean_weir_small.JPG|center|100px|link=Tyrolean weir]] | ||
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:road runoff small.jpg|center|100px|link=Road runoff harvesting]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:road runoff small.jpg|center|100px|link=Road runoff harvesting]] | ||
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:woman micro hydro small.jpg|center|100px|link=Micro hydropower]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:woman micro hydro small.jpg|center|100px|link=Micro hydropower]] | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Catchment and storage dams|Catchment and <br>storage dams]]</div> | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams|Catchment and <br>storage dams]]</div> |
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tyrolean weir]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Tyrolean weir]]</div> | ||
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Road runoff harvesting]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Road runoff harvesting]]</div> | ||
Revision as of 02:25, 2 September 2015
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Rainwater that is not captured directly, used by agriculture, or absorbed into the ground becomes surface water. Surface water harvesting includes all systems that collect and conserve surface runoff after a rainstorm or in intermittent streams, rivers, or wetlands for storage in open ponds and reservoirs. This can provide water for direct household use (treatment is generally required), irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture. Storage can also be the goal of collecting surface water, whether through open reservoirs or direct infiltration to aquifers below ground. Storing water in an aquifer conserves water better as it prevents evaporation, unlike open reservoir systems.
Climate change considerations
Cement made for water collecting structures, in a time of drought, can be made poorly due to less (or polluted) water used in the cement-making process. Higher heat from climate change will increase evaporation rates in reservoirs, or floods may damage infrastructure and increase runoff volumes. These effects and more are listed and tips are given to adapt the water system to climate change conditions.
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Field experiences
These projects may be utilizing surface water harvesting techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on Akvo.org.
Surface water links
- Rainwater Harvesting and Utilisation. Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.
- CARE Nederland, Desk Study Resilient WASH systems in drought prone areas. October 2010.
- Large wiki on water use for agriculture: Agropedia
