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Arsenic in drinking water may also compromise immune function {{cite web |url=http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2009-05/mbl-sli052009.php |title=Scientists link influenza A (H1N1) susceptibility to common levels of arsenic exposure |format= |work= |accessdate=}}.

Arsenic contamination of the groundwater in Bangladesh is a serious problem. Prior to the 1970s, Bangladesh had one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. Ineffective water purification and sewage systems as well as periodic monsoons and flooding exacerbated these problems. As a solution, UNICEF and the World Bank advocated the use of wells to tap into deeper groundwater. Millions of wells were constructed as a result. Because of this action, infant mortality and diarrheal illness were reduced by fifty percent. However, with over 8 million wells constructed, approximately one in five of these wells is now contaminated with arsenic above the government's drinking water standard.