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Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>

The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include:

* loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries,

The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the management of marine resources and other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM concept. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.<ref>http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf</ref>

In March 2019 the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java, Indonesia started. The project started introducing Central Java Province (CJP) to the concepts of ICZM and understanding the coastal issues, the mechanisms and tools to influence these mechanisms. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading ICZM in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate on this matter. Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second year.

The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final (concept) content report<ref>Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts and Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde) and Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) Date 21-9-2021</ref> with additional extra resources.

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[https://twynstra.com/#2 '''TwynstraGudde''']

Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal area management in Indonesia. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.

* [https://jatengprov.go.id/publik/belanda-pertajam-kerja-sama-revitalisasi-pantura-jawa/ "The Netherlands Sharpens Cooperation for the Revitalization of the Java Coast", Jan 30th 2018 | Central Java Government Official Website]

* [https://humas.jatengprov.go.id/detail_berita_gubernur?id=2450 "ICZM Team Ready To Handle Coastal Areas of Central Java", March 28th, 2019 | Central Java Government Public Relations Website]

* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32157545_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_ICZM_in_Indonesia_A_View_from_a_Mangrove_Ecologist Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: A View from a Mangrove Ecologist]

* [https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223755373_Integrated_coastal_zone_management_towards_Indonesia_global_ocean_observing_system_INA-GOOS_Review_and_recommendation Integrated coastal zone management towards Indonesia global ocean observing system (INA-GOOS): Review and recommendation]

* [http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia]

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