===References ===
* Mara, D. D. (1984). [https://www.pseau.org/outils/ouvrages/world_bank_the_design_of_ventilated_lmproved_pit_latrines_1984.pdf The Design of Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines]. UNDP Interregional Project INT/81/047, The World Bank and UNDP, Washington, D.C., US. :Available at: [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home]
* Mara, D. D. (1996). Low-Cost Urban Sanitation. Wiley, Chichester, UK. (Provides Book; provides detailed design information)
* Morgan, P. R. (2009). [http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/EcologicalToilets-PeterMorgan-Mar2009.pdf Ecological Toilets. Start Simple and Upgrade from Arborloo to VIP]. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, SE. :Available at: [http://www.ecosanres.org ecosanres.org]
* Morgan, P. R. (2011). [http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/Builders_Detailed_Manual_Upgradeable_%20Blair_VIP.pdf The Blair VIP toilet]. Manual for Upgradeable BVIP Model with Spiral Superstructure and Tubular Vent. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, SE. :Available at: [http://www.ecosanres.org ecosanres.org] (Provides detailed design and construction information)
* Ryan, B. A. and Mara, D. D. (1983). [http://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/412331468199470290/pdf/TAG6000Ventila0pe0design0guidelines.pdf Ventilated Improved Pit Latrines: Vent Pipe Design Guidelines]. UNDP Interregional Project INT/81/047, The World Bank and UNDP, Washington, D.C., US. :Available at: [http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/home]
See S.2 for additional reading materials.