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Created page with "link=http://www.snv.org/ link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Image:oil..."
[[Image:SNV logo.png|right|100px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen small.png|right|100px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
[[Image:oil-palm4.7-figure20.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 20: Rock phosphate application]]
Download: [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-4-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 4: Fertiliser Application]
===Goal===
* Provide oil palms with sufficient phosphorus to produce optimum yields;
* Limit the loss of phosphorus to the environment.
===Standard===
Phosphorus fertiliser is applied according to the 4R principle: right type, right amount, right place, right time.
===Timing===
* When the soil is moist;
* '''Not''' during very strong rains or in the middle of the rainy season.
===Frequency===
1 or 2 doses per year (once per 6—12 months).
===Labour time required===
2—4 hours per hectare.
===Equipment and materials===
* Bucket, bag or wheelbarrow
* Kitchen scales
* Black marker
* Bowl of 1.5—2 L
* Fertiliser
===Dosage===
See: [[Sustainable Oil Palm Farming / Fertiliser recommendations |Table 4; Table 5; Table 6; Table 7]].
===Who===
Farmers and their families or hired labourers.
===How===
Apply phosphorus fertiliser by following these steps:
{| style="border: 1px solid #72CDFF" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|width="15%" valign="top"|'''Step 1.'''
|Before application, make sure that erosion control (i.e. terraces, dams) has been installed on sloping terrain because P fertiliser remains at the top of the soil for a long time and is therefore sensitive to loss by erosion or runoff.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" style="background:#f0f8ff;" |'''Step 2.'''
|style="background:#f0f8ff;" |Make sure the plantation is well maintained, noxious weeds have been removed and ground cover has been slashed to 50 cm height.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top"|'''Step 3.'''
|Weigh the amount of fertiliser to be applied in a bowl or cup, using kitchen scales.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" style="background:#f0f8ff;" |'''Step 4.'''
|style="background:#f0f8ff;" |Mark the bowl/cup at the right amount using a black marker pen.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" |'''Step 5.'''
|Apply the fertiliser in the following way:
* For palms younger than 3 years after planting, P should be applied evenly in the weeded circle;
* For palms older than 4—10 years after planting, P should be applied in a band around the weeded circle;
* For palms more than 10 years after planting, P should be broadcast in the inter-row (excluding the harvesting paths), especially over the frond stack to prevent runoff.
If palms are on the edge of a river, road or ditch, avoid applying fertilisers on the side of the palm closest to the edge.
|}
'''Note''': For very acidic soils (pH < 4.0) and peat soils it is better to use rock phosphate than TSP (see [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm4.7-figure20.png Figure 20]).
===Data recording===
Every fertiliser application should be recorded in a logbook as shown in the example below.
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|rowspan="2" |'''Date'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Time'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Location'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Activity'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input type'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input amount'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input costs'''
|colspan="2" |'''Labour input'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Labour costs'''
|-
|'''People'''
|'''Hours'''
|-
|16/01/13
|<!--empty-->
|Field 3
|Fertiliser: P
|TSP
|300kg
|300000
|1
|4
|40000
|}
===Acknowledgements===
The material from ''Applying phosphate (P)'' is sourced from Smallholder Oil Palm Handbook and put together by Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ([http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Wageningen Universit]) and Haryono Sadikin, Sri Turhina, Hidayat Dani, Tri Purba Dukan, and Hans Smit ([http://www.snv.org/ SNV]) in August 2016. See [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-4-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 4: Fertiliser Application] for more information.
[[Image:SNV logo.png|left|80px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen university logo.png|left|350px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
[[Image:wageningen small.png|right|100px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
[[Image:oil-palm4.7-figure20.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 20: Rock phosphate application]]
Download: [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-4-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 4: Fertiliser Application]
===Goal===
* Provide oil palms with sufficient phosphorus to produce optimum yields;
* Limit the loss of phosphorus to the environment.
===Standard===
Phosphorus fertiliser is applied according to the 4R principle: right type, right amount, right place, right time.
===Timing===
* When the soil is moist;
* '''Not''' during very strong rains or in the middle of the rainy season.
===Frequency===
1 or 2 doses per year (once per 6—12 months).
===Labour time required===
2—4 hours per hectare.
===Equipment and materials===
* Bucket, bag or wheelbarrow
* Kitchen scales
* Black marker
* Bowl of 1.5—2 L
* Fertiliser
===Dosage===
See: [[Sustainable Oil Palm Farming / Fertiliser recommendations |Table 4; Table 5; Table 6; Table 7]].
===Who===
Farmers and their families or hired labourers.
===How===
Apply phosphorus fertiliser by following these steps:
{| style="border: 1px solid #72CDFF" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|width="15%" valign="top"|'''Step 1.'''
|Before application, make sure that erosion control (i.e. terraces, dams) has been installed on sloping terrain because P fertiliser remains at the top of the soil for a long time and is therefore sensitive to loss by erosion or runoff.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" style="background:#f0f8ff;" |'''Step 2.'''
|style="background:#f0f8ff;" |Make sure the plantation is well maintained, noxious weeds have been removed and ground cover has been slashed to 50 cm height.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top"|'''Step 3.'''
|Weigh the amount of fertiliser to be applied in a bowl or cup, using kitchen scales.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" style="background:#f0f8ff;" |'''Step 4.'''
|style="background:#f0f8ff;" |Mark the bowl/cup at the right amount using a black marker pen.
|-
|width="15%" valign="top" |'''Step 5.'''
|Apply the fertiliser in the following way:
* For palms younger than 3 years after planting, P should be applied evenly in the weeded circle;
* For palms older than 4—10 years after planting, P should be applied in a band around the weeded circle;
* For palms more than 10 years after planting, P should be broadcast in the inter-row (excluding the harvesting paths), especially over the frond stack to prevent runoff.
If palms are on the edge of a river, road or ditch, avoid applying fertilisers on the side of the palm closest to the edge.
|}
'''Note''': For very acidic soils (pH < 4.0) and peat soils it is better to use rock phosphate than TSP (see [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm4.7-figure20.png Figure 20]).
===Data recording===
Every fertiliser application should be recorded in a logbook as shown in the example below.
{|border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
|rowspan="2" |'''Date'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Time'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Location'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Activity'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input type'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input amount'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Input costs'''
|colspan="2" |'''Labour input'''
|rowspan="2" |'''Labour costs'''
|-
|'''People'''
|'''Hours'''
|-
|16/01/13
|<!--empty-->
|Field 3
|Fertiliser: P
|TSP
|300kg
|300000
|1
|4
|40000
|}
===Acknowledgements===
The material from ''Applying phosphate (P)'' is sourced from Smallholder Oil Palm Handbook and put together by Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ([http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Wageningen Universit]) and Haryono Sadikin, Sri Turhina, Hidayat Dani, Tri Purba Dukan, and Hans Smit ([http://www.snv.org/ SNV]) in August 2016. See [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-4-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 4: Fertiliser Application] for more information.
[[Image:SNV logo.png|left|80px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
[[Image:wageningen university logo.png|left|350px|link=http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm]]
