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The WATA device

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====The WATA® range of devices====
The device comes in five models for different scales of chlorine production: Mini-WATA® (0.5L of solution), WATA-Standard® (2L of solution), WATA-Plus® (15L of solution), Midi-WATA® (30L of solution) and Maxi-WATA® (60L of solution). The Mini-WATA®, the WATA-Standard® and the WATA-Plus® are all capable of running off of a solar energy source allowing them to be deployed in regions that lack stable access to electricity. The devices take between 2.5 & 4.5 hours to convert the brine solution to active chlorine solution. Once the process is finished, one litre of that solution is good for disinfecting 4,000 litres of water.
====The WATA Range of Devices====
The device comes in five models for different scales of chlorine production: Mini-WATA® (0.5L of solution), WATA-Standard® (2L of solution), WATA-Plus® (15L of solution), Midi-WATA® (30L of solution) and Maxi-WATA® (60L of solution). The Mini-WATA®, the WATA-Standard® and the WATA-Plus® are all capable of running off of a solar energy source allowing them to be deployed in regions that lack stable access to electricity. The devices take between 2.5 & 4.5 hours to convert the brine solution to active chlorine solution. Once the process is finished, one litre of that solution is good for disinfecting 4,000 litres of water.
Active chlorine is very sensitive to light and degrades relatively quickly if not stabilized for long term storage. The stabilization process involves raising the pH of the chlorine solution and will allow it to be stored up to 6 months. However, it requires proper laboratory equipment and should be done by someone trained to work in a laboratory setting. If not stabilizing the solution should be used with 24 hours if disinfecting drinking water. It can be stored for longer if destined for cleaning purposes, although the concentration will deteriorate over time and it should be measured before use to ensure an adequate level of disinfection.
=====Use for Water Disinfection=====
When sodium hypochlorite is added to water the active chlorine is involved in three separate reactions:
*Active chlorine reacts through oxidation with organic matter and pathogens in the water and kills them. This portion is called consumed chlorine.
The chlorine concentrate produced is not very dangerous; it is less toxic than bleach. In case of skin or eye contact, rinse well with water. Prolonged inhalation of the chlorine fumes could be dangerous. It should be kept away from children. The treated water should be stored in a clean, opaque, closed container. The WATA® device, equipment, and containers used should be rinsed thoroughly after every procedure.
=====Other Applications=====
The chlorine concentrate is suitable for various applications apart from disinfecting water (chlorine refers to sodium hypochlorite at 6 grams of active chlorine per liter):
*Dakin’s solution for disinfecting wounds: No dilution (use full concentration of active chlorine at 6 grams per liter)
Properly used, well maintained and carefully stored after each use, WATA® devices are designed to operate for 10,000 operating hours, or around 5 years of use.
====Costs====
Visit the Antenna webshop for the pricing of the WATA® range of devices: [https://antenna.odoo.com/shop]
====Field Experiences====
The WATA® range of devices is being used in over 100 countries including: Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chile, Congo-Brazzaville, Côte d'Ivoire, Democratic Republic of Congo, Djibouti, Ecuador, Guinea Conakry, Haiti, India, Iran, Italy, Kenya, Laos, Madagascar, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Reunion, San Salvador, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sri Lanka, Sudan, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Togo, Uganda, Vietnam and Zimbabwe.
*'''Guinea:''' Tinkisso-Antenna sells 250 mL flaks of sodium hypochlorite solution produced with WATA® devices across the country. More information on Tinkisso-Antenna’s work here: [https://www.antenna.ch/en/water-hygiene/guinea/]
*'''India:''' Antenna Foundation has two partners in India using two different business models to bring chlorine to rural households. Spring Health delivers drinking water to rural households that has been chlorinated with sodium hypochlorite produced using the WATA® device. TARA produces sodium hypochlorite, bottles it and then uses a network of micro franchisors and partners to reach the end consumer in rural households. More information on Antenna Foundation’s work with Spring Health and TARA available here: [https://www.antenna.ch/en/water-hygiene/inde/]
====Further Reading====
* Short video on the WATA device produced by Antenna Foundation for World Water Day 2017: [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nNTr8wJqooM]
* Antenna Foundation’s Water & Hygiene department: [https://www.antenna.ch/en/water-hygiene/]
* Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ) about the WATA range of devices: [https://www.antenna.ch/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/QA.pdf]

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