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脚踏式水泵

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[[Image:Treadle_pump_icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:Treadle_pump.PNG|thumb|right|200px| The treadle pump is used in Bangladesh. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.脚踏式水泵在孟加拉国被投入使用。图片：荷兰水源合作会。]][[Image:treadle pump2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A simple, bamboo treadle pump can be constructed. Photo: International Development Enterprises.一个简易的竹制脚踏泵可建造而成。图片： 国际发展公司。]][[Image:malawi treadle pump.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Malawi treadle pump is a high capacity treadle pump designed to lift water from shallow wells & surface sources. Photo: 马拉维脚踏泵是一种用于从浅井及地表水中采水的高容量脚踏泵。图片：[http://www.skipumps.com/malawipump.htm S.K. Industries.]]]
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The treadle pump is a foot-powered water pump widely used in Asia and spreading in Africa. It consists of two metal cylinders with pistons that are operated by a natural walking motion on two treadles.脚踏式水泵是一种以脚力采水的泵，在亚洲广为应用，并传入非洲。它是由两个带活塞的金属圆柱体组成，通过在两个脚踏泵上做自然步行动作而使其运作。
'''There are several variations of the treadle pump:脚踏泵种类繁多'''* The River Pump: is mounted on a portable metal stand so that it can be easily moved from one water source to another. It is used to pump from surface water sources. It requires an inlet hose for suction. A borehole is not required.河流泵：河流泵安装于一个便携式金属支架上，这样便于将泵从一处水源转移到另一处。该泵适用于地表水收集。它需要一个进风口进行抽吸。不需要井孔。* The Metal Treadle Pump: incorporates permanently attached metal treadles, which increases portability. It can be mounted on a borehole (like the basic Treadle Pump) to draw from groundwater sources. It can be mounted on a metal frame (like the River Pump) to draw from surface water sources.金属脚踏泵：包含增加便携性的永久性附加金属脚踏板可安装于井孔上（如基础脚踏泵）来抽取地下水可安装于金属框上（如河流泵）来抽取地表水。* The Concrete Pump: has PVC cylinders embedded in a concrete body. This prevents corrosion of the device in regions with saline groundwater. It is mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.混凝土泵：在混凝土主体中嵌入聚氯乙烯圆柱体，这样可以防止设备在地下水盐分含量高的地区受到腐蚀，该泵可安装于井孔上来抽取地下水。* Plastic Pump: Using only plastic in the construction prevents corrosion in regions with saline groundwater. It can also be mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.塑料泵：仅使用塑料材料来进行建造，以防止设备在地下水盐分含量高的地区受到腐蚀。也可安装于井孔上来抽取地下水。
====History to Present从古至今====The treadle pump was designed by the Norwegian engineer, Gunnar Barnes in the 1970’s. It was first developed and used for irrigation in Bangladesh in the late 1970’s脚踏泵是十九世纪七十年代由挪威工程师贡纳·巴恩斯（Gunnar Barnes）设计的，该泵在二十世纪七十年代末期首先由孟加拉国开发并用于灌溉。在二十世纪八十年代，国际发展企业（IDE）发起活动将各种泵推广给小农们。十二年来，农民共购买了150万脚踏泵，每年为农民增收$1.5亿。脚踏泵计划的总成本$1200万，相比之下传统的大坝及渠系工程对类似地区实施灌溉的总成本将为$15亿。脚踏泵工程于2006年在印度获得阿什登可持续能源奖（Ashden Award）。
In the 1980s, International Development Enterprise (IDE) initiated a campaign to market the pumps to smallholder farmers. Over the course of 12 years, 1.5 million treadle pumps were purchased by farmers, increasing the farmers income by $150 million annually. The cost of the treadle pump scheme was $12 million, compared with conventional dam and canal systems, which would have cost $1.5 billion to irrigate a similar area. The treadle pump programme in India won an Ashden Award in 2006. 脚踏泵也在非洲进行推广，通过如Kickstart（前Approtec）等组织进行安装，并冠以“致富”（MoneyMaker）和Enterprise Works品牌名称。一些类型的泵，如“致富泵”（MoneyMaker）和索卡泵（Soka-pump）现在已广泛应用于小规模“喷洒”灌溉。
The treadle pump is also being promoted in Africa where it is installed by organizations such as Kickstart (former Approtec), who brand the treadle pump under the name MoneyMaker, and Enterprise Works. Models of the treadle pump such as the MoneyMaker and the Soka-pump are now widely used for small-scale "spray" irrigation.现在在世界范围内有超过两百万台脚踏泵已被安装使用。多达130万台脚踏泵在亚洲投入使用，并有约3万5千在西非投入使用。全世界范围内约300家当地工厂在生产这种泵，并有超过一百万无法承担灌溉泵购买费用的贫困农村家庭在使用脚踏泵。
Currently, over 2 million treadle pumps have been installed worldwide. Up to 1.3 million treadle pumps are in use Asia, and some 35,000 in Eastern Africa. They are being produced in 300 local workshops worldwide and used by more than one million poor rural families that otherwise could not have afforded an irrigation pump. ===适用条件===脚踏泵可用于深度1-7米的小型农业灌溉脚踏泵可以100公升/分钟的频率从7米深处抽水
===Suitable conditions===The treadle pump can be used on small farms which draw irrigation water from 1-7 m deep. A treadle pump can pump around 100 litres / min from 4 meters depth.脚踏泵是一种真空泵，抽水深度为7米
Because a treadle pump is a suction pump, the depth from which water can be drawn is limited to 7m. Distribution: about 2,000,000 treadle pumps were sold in Bangladesh and about the same number in India.分布：约200万脚踏泵在孟加拉国售出，也有相同数量的脚踏泵在印度售出
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! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages优势! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages劣势
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| valign="top" | - Simple and cheap简单且廉价- Ergonomic treadle motion 符合人体工程学的踏板运动/ Less intensive operation (foot operated) 操作强度小（用脚操作） <br>- Produced in local workshops 在当地车间生产/ Maintenance uses local skills and materials. 使用当地技术及材料维修保养 <br>- Usually leads to generation of US$100每年可为非洲及亚洲农村家庭产生100-500 additional income per year for rural households in Africa and Asia 500美元的额外收入 | valign="top" | - Pumping depth limited to 7m. 使用深度仅限7米
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===Construction, operations and maintenance建造、操作和维护===[[Image:TreadleDiagram.png|thumb|right|200px|Treadle pump diagram. Click image to zoom. 脚踏泵图解。点击图像放大。<br>Photo图片: [http://en.howtopedia.org/wiki/How_to_Build_Human-Powered_Water-Lifters Howtopedia使用百科（Howtopedia）.]]]====Design设计====* Cylinder diameter: 气缸直径 ︰ 3.5 inch and 5 inch (90mm 5英寸，5英寸（90毫米- 130mm)130毫米）* Stroke: variable冲程：多变* Yield: 产量： (75 watt input, at 5 m head)* （输入量75瓦特，在5米扬程处） ~ 4.5 m³3 立方米/hour小时* Population/Area served: 可服务的人口／区域 0.25 hectare25公顷* Type of well: collapsible tube well or dug well井的类型：可拆卸管井或挖掘井
Treadle pumps can be manufactured locally in simple metalworking shops. The treadles and support structure are made of locally available, inexpensive material, such as bamboo. All components (or junction box) are made from mild steel; Piston-mild steel with plastic seal (cup Seal); foot valve-leather flap; rising main-PVC pipe or bamboo; various types of screens are used.本地小型五金店就可制造脚踏泵。脚踏板及支撑结构可在当地用廉价的材料，如竹子制成。所有原件（连接盒）由软钢制成；活塞——塑料密封软钢（杯型密封）；脚踩阀——皮革皮瓣；上行主管——聚氯乙烯水管或竹子；同时用到多种类型的滤水管。
The installation of the Treadle pump is easy and does not need any lifting equipment or special tools. The drillers who sink the tube well with the sludger method also install the pump.(Ella 715)脚踏泵易于安装并且不需要任何提水装备或特殊的工具。用“清除淤积法"挖掘管井的掘井者也可安装此泵。
Two pedals are connected to the two pistons. The pump is powered by shifting the weight from one pedal to the other, lifting the pistons. Water is supplied through a hose which draws water from a borehole or surface water.两只踏板与两个活塞连接在一起。泵的运作是通过将重量从一只踏板转移至另外一只上，从而抬起活塞而实现。水通过软管从井孔或地表导出。
All household members are able to operate the pump, allowing farmers to make efficient use of family labour. 所有家庭成员都能操作水泵，这使农民们可以有效利用家庭劳动力。
====Maintenance维护====If designed correctly, treadle pumps can be easily maintained with standard replacement parts available in local markets at a low cost. All repairs can be done without the use of tools.如果设计得当，脚踏水泵很容易维护，标准的替换部件都会在当地市场以低价销售。 所有修理都可不用工具完成。
===Costs费用===The treadle pump is very cost-effective. Its low cost makes it accessible to even very poor farmers who can use it to grow dry-season vegetables for home consumption and for sale. In Bangladesh, a pump costs US$ 20. On average, farmers are able to generate more than US$100 per year in extra income. Income from treadle pumps adds US$100 million to the GNP of Bangladesh annually. Production and sales are sustainable now without external aid. 脚踏水泵性价比很高。它价格低廉，非常贫穷的家庭也能负担得起，他们可以利用水泵种植旱季蔬菜供给家用或用于出售。在孟加拉国，一个水泵价格为20美元。农民平均每年可创造超过100美元的额外收入。脚踏水泵每年可帮助孟加拉国增加1亿美元的国民生产总值。现在，生产和销售呈可持续增长状态，无需外部支援。With this technology, many families have increased their income. Some farmers who started with this pedal pump have now bought a motorized pump. 很多家庭都利用这项技术增加了收入。很多以这款水泵为起步的农民现在已经购入了电动水泵。
* A treadle pump costs US$ 20 in Bangladesh, and US$ 50-80 in Africa.一台脚踏泵的价格在孟加拉为20美元，在非洲为50到80美元之间。* Approx US$ 100-200 including tube well (depending on installation depth and drilling method)包括管井在内，大约为100到200美元（取决于安装深度和钻孔方法）* The cost of introduction lies around US$ 20,000 per project, including training, engineering and first production.项目引进的费用大约为每次2万美元，包括训练、工程管理和第一批生产。
===Field experiences实地经验===The Treadle Pump is widely used in Asia, and increasingly used in Africa.脚踏泵在亚洲广泛应用，并在非洲逐步受到瞩目。
===Manuals, videos and links操作指南、视频和链接===* [http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/idei Ashden Award article on Treadle Pumps by IDE-India印度国际发展企业（IDE）发表关于脚踏水泵的阿什登可持续能源奖（Ashden Award）文章]* [http://www.ide-india.org/bambootreadlepump.aspx Bamboo Treadle Pump竹制脚踏水泵, IDE国际发展企业（IDE）-India印度]* [http://www.kickstart.org MoneyMaker Kickstart公司生产的致富脚踏水泵（MoneyMaker treadle pump produced by Kickstart (Kenya, Tanzania)pump）（肯尼亚，坦桑尼亚）] * [http://www.ideorg.org International Development Enterprises 国际发展企业 (IDE)]* [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/display.cfm?id=5&sub=11&cont=6 Pedal Pump, produced by Enterprise WorksWorks生产的脚踏水泵]* [[Solution_of_the_week_2|Akvo water solution of the week 2第二周Akvo水源利用解决方案]]* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/public-domain-handpumps/treadle-pump RWSN: Treadle Pump农村供水网络：脚踏水泵]* [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/x8293e/x8293e00.pdf Treadle pumps for irrigation in Africa.脚踏泵用以在非洲进行灌溉]
====Videos视频====
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|{{#ev:youtube|HAOG-yHW9QY|200|auto|<center>Spark Africa 3 闪耀非洲3- Treadle pump 脚踏泵 <br>revolution in rural Zambia赞比亚农村地区的革新</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|2YSgyWAZ_Ug|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在<br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 第一集 1</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|Xn3-I9NUkKU|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在<br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 第二集 2</center>}} |{{#ev:youtube|4PaIxt1UjKw|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在 <br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 3第三集</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|EIMXcUvry7E|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在<br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 第四集 4</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|vbJG-kQEAKc|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在<br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 5第五集</center>}}|{{#ev:youtube|NEljbhsTE6Y|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in 脚踏泵在<br>Nepal 尼泊尔- Part 6第六集</center>}} |{{#ev:youtube|vd71Au7O39s|200|auto|<center>Demonstrating a treadle pump 演示脚踏泵 <br>in Murejwa, Zimbabwe 于津巴布韦的穆雷瓦 </center>}}
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===Acknowledgements鸣谢===* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/124276 SmartWater Solutions Examples of 创新、低成本技术的智慧水源利用解决方案案例：水井、水泵、水库、灌溉和水治理] 或 ([http://www.ircwash.org/resources/smart-water-solutions-examples-innovative, -low-cost -technologies for -wells, -pumps, -storage, irrigation and water treatment] or ([http:// alternative link可点击该链接]). Netherlands Water Partnership, 2006.。荷兰水资源合作会，2006年。 翻译：张楠 顾珊珊 校对：陈梦桑 新南威尔士大学翻译硕士在读学生
Janet He
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