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21:31, 10 October 2016 [[Image:SNV logo.png|right|100px|link=http://www.snv.org/]]
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<font size="3" color="#696969>GOAL: To manage the plantation effectively, efficiently, and sustainably</font>
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Download: [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance]
[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure1.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 1: Oil palm]]
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====In [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure1.png Figure 1] the following parts of the oil palm are indicated:====
* The '''trunk'''
* The '''crown''': all the leaves of the palm
* The '''leaves''', also known as ‘'''fronds'''’ in the case of oil palm
* The '''young leaves''': these appear from the growing point in the centre of the top of the trunk
* The '''old leaves''': these are found at the bottom of the crown
[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure2.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 2: Oil palm trunk]]
====In [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure2.png Figure 2] the following parts of the oil palm are indicated:====
* The '''trunk'''
* The '''base''': the part of the trunk that is closest to the ground. The roots grow from the bottom of the trunk base.
* The '''frond butts''': these are pieces of leaves that remain behind after the leaves are cut during pruning or harvesting. When the palm grows older, the frond butts usually detach from the trunk, but this can take 10 to 15 years.
[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure3.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 3: Oil palm crown with ripening fruit bunches]]
====In [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure3.png Figure 3] the following parts of the oil palm are indicated:====
* The '''developing fruit bunches''', also known as ‘'''black bunches'''’
* The '''oldest leaves'''
* The '''youngest leaves'''
* The '''petiole''': the bottom part of the leaves, which has spines but no leaflets
[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure4.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 4: Oil palm leaf]]
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====[http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure4.png Figure 4] shows a close-up of an oil palm leaf.====
The leaf is composed of a central '''rachis''' with '''leaflets''', also known as ‘'''pinnae'''’, on either side. When collecting leaf samples (Appendix 1), usually both the rachis and the leaflets are collected. '''Note''': some of the leaflets point a bit more upwards and others a bit more downwards. This is what gives oil palm leaves a ‘messy’ appearance, compared with for example coconut palm leaves, where the leaflets are all set in one single plane.
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====Figure 5 shows a [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure5a.png male inflorescence] (left) and [http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure5b.png female inflorescence] (right).====
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|[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure5a.png|thumb|right|100px|Figure 5: Male inflorescence]]
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|[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure5b.png|thumb|right|100px|Figure 5: Female inflorescence]]
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[[Image:oil-palm-3.1-figure6.png|thumb|right|200px|Figure 6: Plantation layout]]
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====[http://akvopedia.org/sandbox/File:Oil-palm-3.1-figure6.png Figure 6] shows the most efficient plantation layout. The plantation is divided into the following areas:====
* The weeded circle, 1.5—2 meters in diameter, around the palm trunk
* The harvesting path, every other row
* The frond stack, in a U-shape around the palm, every other row alternating with the harvesting path
* The inter-row, which includes all the areas outside the weeded circle and the harvesting path
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===Acknowledgements===
The material from ''Important terms'' is sourced from Smallholder Oil Palm Handbook, and put together by Lotte Suzanne Woittiez ([http://www.wageningenur.nl/en/wageningen-university.htm Wageningen Universit]) and Haryono Sadikin, Sri Turhina, Hidayat Dani, Tri Purba Dukan, and Hans Smit ([http://www.snv.org/ SNV]) in August 2016. See [http://intothefield.nl/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/Module-3-3rd-edition-2016-08.pdf Module 3: Plantation Maintenance] for more information.
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