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Created page with "{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge | french_link=La recharge des eaux souterraines |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=व..."
{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge | french_link=La recharge des eaux souterraines |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=वाटर पोर्टल/ वर्षाजल संचयन/ भूजल पुनर्भरण|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=地下水回灌 | indonesian_link=Panen Air Hujan / Pengisian ulang air tanah | japanese_link=地下水涵養 }}
'''Groundwater recharge''' is the enhancement of natural ground water supplies using man-made conveyances such as infiltration basins, trenches, dams, or injection wells. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a specific type of groundwater recharge practiced with the purpose of both augmenting ground water resources and recovering the water in the future for various uses.
<small-title />
'''Climate change considerations'''<br>
* More storage capacity needed to overcome seasonal dry periods and to reduce floods.<br>
* Higher rainfall intensities may exceed infiltration capacities. Create storage, enhanced infiltration or artificial recharge. <br>
* Lower rainfall results in the need for transport and storage of water from other areas. <br>
* Changes in vegetation will cause changes in evapotranspiration, surface runoff, erosion and sediment transport/deposition. This requires water and soil conservation measures, like terracing.
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;">
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration ponds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration ponds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour trench small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour trenches]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour ridges small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour ridges]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bunds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Bunds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Permeable rock dams]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration ponds | Infiltration ponds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour trenches | Contour trenches]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour ridges | Contour ridges]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Bunds | Bunds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Permeable rock dams | Permeable <br>rock dams]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:sand dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Sand dam]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:check dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Check dams (gully plugs)]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:leaky dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Leaky dams]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:gabion small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Gabions]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Controlled flooding and Spreading basins]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Sand dam | Sand dam]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Check dams (gully plugs) | Check dams<br> (gully plugs)]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Leaky dams | Leaky dams]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Gabions | Gabions]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Controlled_flooding and Spreading_basins|Controlled flooding <br>and Spreading basins]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:tube recharge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Tube recharge]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:wells, shafts, boreholes small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Wells, shafts, and boreholes]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Tube recharge | Tube recharge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells | Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes|Wells, shafts, <br>and boreholes]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|}
</div>
<br>
<br>
===Field experiences===
These projects may be utilizing groundwater recharge techniques and are part of the project listing in [http://akvo.org/products/rsr/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)] on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
<br>
{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"
<!--rsr logo here-->
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
<!--project blocks here-->
|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
|[[Image:project 446.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ RSR Project 446]<br>Etude technique d’avant-projet</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ ]]
|[[Image:project 600.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ RSR Project 600]<br>Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ ]]
|}
<br>
===Groundwater recharge links===
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R Smart Solutions]
* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]</font>: The Archive is a searchable database of published and unpublished groundwater literature about Africa, including reports, journal articles, conference papers and maps. Many of these documents are freely available to download; for others, a link is provided to the online abstract, or a full bibliographic reference is given where the document is not known to be available online.
* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf Sustainable Development of Groundwater Resources in Southern and Eastern Africa.] International Atomic Energy Agency.
* [http://www.hpscste.gov.in/rwh/Blue_Drop_Series_02_-_Capacity_Building.pdf Rainwater Harvesting and Utilisation] or ([http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/154206 alternative link]). Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.
* [[Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)]]
* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/ Agropedia]
<br>
===Acknowledgements===
* Tuinhof, Albert and Heederik, Jan Piet. [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Tuinhof-2002-Management.pdf Management of Aquifer Recharge and Subsurface Storage] or ([http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWRD/Resources/GWMATE_Final_booklet.pdf alternative link]). Netherlands National Committee for the IAH and Netherlands Hydrological Society. 2002.
* [http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/aquiferrecharge.cfm Aquifer Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)]. United States EPA.
* [https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/management-groundwater-africa-including-transboundary-aquifers-implications-food#.VW9-t61VhBc Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.
[[Category:Groundwater Recharge]]
[[Category:Rainwater Harvesting]]
[[Category:Water]]
'''Groundwater recharge''' is the enhancement of natural ground water supplies using man-made conveyances such as infiltration basins, trenches, dams, or injection wells. Aquifer storage and recovery (ASR) is a specific type of groundwater recharge practiced with the purpose of both augmenting ground water resources and recovering the water in the future for various uses.
<small-title />
'''Climate change considerations'''<br>
* More storage capacity needed to overcome seasonal dry periods and to reduce floods.<br>
* Higher rainfall intensities may exceed infiltration capacities. Create storage, enhanced infiltration or artificial recharge. <br>
* Lower rainfall results in the need for transport and storage of water from other areas. <br>
* Changes in vegetation will cause changes in evapotranspiration, surface runoff, erosion and sediment transport/deposition. This requires water and soil conservation measures, like terracing.
<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;">
{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration ponds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration ponds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour trench small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour trenches]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:contour ridges small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour ridges]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bunds small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Bunds]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:permeable rock dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Permeable rock dams]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration ponds | Infiltration ponds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour trenches | Contour trenches]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Contour ridges | Contour ridges]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Bunds | Bunds]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Permeable rock dams | Permeable <br>rock dams]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:sand dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Sand dam]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:check dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Check dams (gully plugs)]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:leaky dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Leaky dams]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:gabion small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Gabions]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:controlled flooding small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Controlled flooding and Spreading basins]]
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Sand dam | Sand dam]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Check dams (gully plugs) | Check dams<br> (gully plugs)]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Leaky dams | Leaky dams]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Gabions | Gabions]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Controlled_flooding and Spreading_basins|Controlled flooding <br>and Spreading basins]]</div>
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:tube recharge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Tube recharge]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:wells, shafts, boreholes small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Wells, shafts, and boreholes]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Tube recharge | Tube recharge]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells | Infiltration wells]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Wells,_shafts,_and_boreholes|Wells, shafts, <br>and boreholes]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|style="background:#efefef;"|
|-
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
|}
</div>
<br>
<br>
===Field experiences===
These projects may be utilizing groundwater recharge techniques and are part of the project listing in [http://akvo.org/products/rsr/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)] on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
<br>
{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 40%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;" cellpadding="2"
<!--rsr logo here-->
|- style="vertical-align: top"
|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
<!--project blocks here-->
|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
|[[Image:project 446.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ RSR Project 446]<br>Etude technique d’avant-projet</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/446/ ]]
|[[Image:project 600.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ RSR Project 600]<br>Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ ]]
|}
<br>
===Groundwater recharge links===
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R Smart Solutions]
* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]</font>: The Archive is a searchable database of published and unpublished groundwater literature about Africa, including reports, journal articles, conference papers and maps. Many of these documents are freely available to download; for others, a link is provided to the online abstract, or a full bibliographic reference is given where the document is not known to be available online.
* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf Sustainable Development of Groundwater Resources in Southern and Eastern Africa.] International Atomic Energy Agency.
* [http://www.hpscste.gov.in/rwh/Blue_Drop_Series_02_-_Capacity_Building.pdf Rainwater Harvesting and Utilisation] or ([http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/154206 alternative link]). Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.
* [[Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR)]]
* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in/ Agropedia]
<br>
===Acknowledgements===
* Tuinhof, Albert and Heederik, Jan Piet. [http://docs.watsan.net/Downloaded_Files/PDF/Tuinhof-2002-Management.pdf Management of Aquifer Recharge and Subsurface Storage] or ([http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTWRD/Resources/GWMATE_Final_booklet.pdf alternative link]). Netherlands National Committee for the IAH and Netherlands Hydrological Society. 2002.
* [http://water.epa.gov/type/groundwater/uic/aquiferrecharge.cfm Aquifer Recharge (AR) and Aquifer Storage & Recovery (ASR)]. United States EPA.
* [https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/management-groundwater-africa-including-transboundary-aquifers-implications-food#.VW9-t61VhBc Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
* CARE Nederland, Desk Study: [[Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas]]. October 2010.
[[Category:Groundwater Recharge]]
[[Category:Rainwater Harvesting]]
[[Category:Water]]
