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[[Image:drilling icon.png|right|80px]]
[[Image:Auger drilling in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|正在使用手钻钻井]]
__NOTOC__ <small-title />
手钻适合疏松地层，如泥沙和软土。硬土、硬材料和砂砾不容易或不可能被其凿穿或移动（除非联合使用螺旋钻和[[percussion - general|冲击钻]]).
手钻包含可伸缩的钢条，钢条可由把手旋转。钢条的底端可以绑上许多不同的螺旋钻（钻头）。通过旋转将手钻钻入地下，直到完全进入地下，然后抽出手钻，将其清空。每一种地层可以使用一种不同的手钻。手钻可以使用重型三脚架及绞车 (例如[[Hand auger - Vonder rig |三脚架钻井机]]), 或使用较轻的材料制成。
高于地下水位时，井眼通常不会闭合而且无需支撑。可能需要在低于水位处使用一个临时的PVC管套来防止该洞塌陷，而且可用手钻或捞砂筒来掏空。然后移除临时管套，同时安装永久性的水井管套。
另一种方式是使用水井管套作为永久性管套来支撑井眼，因此便不能使用砾石填充。
===适宜条件===
[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing1.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 手钻使用临时管套]]
根据地质条件，手钻可钻至15-25米深。
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | 优势
! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 劣势
|-
| valign="top" | - 在高于地下水位时易于使用。
| valign="top" | - 可能很难移除临时管套。如果渗透了黏土层，管套会黏住土，因此很难使用临时管套。<br>
- 如果易陷砂层在黏土层之下（临时管套无法穿透），井眼可能会闭合。
|}
===修建、运作和维护===
垂直钻洞需要一定技术。
所有的工具可以使用当地材料在当地制作，也可以在西方国家制作（但是价格更贵）。
====供应商====
* 制作手钻的工具可在当地制作。
* Chafagane Maiga (S/C BP: 10988 Niamey, Niger, Tel: +227 96 53 18 88) - 轻便有效的手钻设备。
* [https://en.eijkelkamp.com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment] - 手钻和冲击钻的钻孔设备和指南。
* [http://www.reekum.nl Van Reekum Materials] - 钻孔设备、手钻和冲击钻。
[[Image:Different bailers and augers.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Different bailers and augers]]
===实地经验===
手钻在以下地方广泛使用：尼日尔、乍得、塞内加尔、冈比亚、乌干达、津巴布韦、坦桑尼亚、尼日利亚、中美洲和一些西方国家。
===指南、视频和链接===
* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/05.pdf Augering: 螺旋钻井: 人工钻井系列. 廉价人工钻井技术培训手册]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. 法语版: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].
* Jonathan Naugle, [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf Hand Augered Garden Wells]. Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. This is a manual on hand augering, well construction, and manufacturing tools.
* [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Drilling & well construction reference manual]. Lifewater Canada, update 2004. This is a manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ website of Livewater].
* Koegel, R. (1985), [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper]. FAO, Rome.
* Carter, R. C. (2005) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies]. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow, small diameter well construction and domestic or agricultural water supply]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
* [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3038 Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling]. Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa.
* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
* Peter Wurzel, [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps]. Skat, Switzerland, 2001. A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
* M. Sonau, [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa]. FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
* Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods]. WEDC. An overview of simple drilling methods. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series]. UNICEF, 1999. Programming and implementation.
* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7: Tube wells and boreholes]. WaterAid. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
* [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations]. US Military. Alternative well construction and manual drilling techniques.
=== Acknowledgements===
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
[[Image:Auger drilling in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|正在使用手钻钻井]]
__NOTOC__ <small-title />
手钻适合疏松地层，如泥沙和软土。硬土、硬材料和砂砾不容易或不可能被其凿穿或移动（除非联合使用螺旋钻和[[percussion - general|冲击钻]]).
手钻包含可伸缩的钢条，钢条可由把手旋转。钢条的底端可以绑上许多不同的螺旋钻（钻头）。通过旋转将手钻钻入地下，直到完全进入地下，然后抽出手钻，将其清空。每一种地层可以使用一种不同的手钻。手钻可以使用重型三脚架及绞车 (例如[[Hand auger - Vonder rig |三脚架钻井机]]), 或使用较轻的材料制成。
高于地下水位时，井眼通常不会闭合而且无需支撑。可能需要在低于水位处使用一个临时的PVC管套来防止该洞塌陷，而且可用手钻或捞砂筒来掏空。然后移除临时管套，同时安装永久性的水井管套。
另一种方式是使用水井管套作为永久性管套来支撑井眼，因此便不能使用砾石填充。
===适宜条件===
[[Image:Auger drilling in temporary casing1.jpg|thumb|right|200px| 手钻使用临时管套]]
根据地质条件，手钻可钻至15-25米深。
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
|-
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | 优势
! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | 劣势
|-
| valign="top" | - 在高于地下水位时易于使用。
| valign="top" | - 可能很难移除临时管套。如果渗透了黏土层，管套会黏住土，因此很难使用临时管套。<br>
- 如果易陷砂层在黏土层之下（临时管套无法穿透），井眼可能会闭合。
|}
===修建、运作和维护===
垂直钻洞需要一定技术。
所有的工具可以使用当地材料在当地制作，也可以在西方国家制作（但是价格更贵）。
====供应商====
* 制作手钻的工具可在当地制作。
* Chafagane Maiga (S/C BP: 10988 Niamey, Niger, Tel: +227 96 53 18 88) - 轻便有效的手钻设备。
* [https://en.eijkelkamp.com/ Eijkelkamp Agrisearch Equipment] - 手钻和冲击钻的钻孔设备和指南。
* [http://www.reekum.nl Van Reekum Materials] - 钻孔设备、手钻和冲击钻。
[[Image:Different bailers and augers.jpg|thumb|right|200px| Different bailers and augers]]
===实地经验===
手钻在以下地方广泛使用：尼日尔、乍得、塞内加尔、冈比亚、乌干达、津巴布韦、坦桑尼亚、尼日利亚、中美洲和一些西方国家。
===指南、视频和链接===
* Julien Labas and Robert Vuik, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/05.pdf Augering: 螺旋钻井: 人工钻井系列. 廉价人工钻井技术培训手册]. Practica Foundation. June 2010. 法语版: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Auger%20manual%20drilling%20PRACTICA%20FR.pdf LA TARIERE MANUELLE: Série forage manuel].
* Jonathan Naugle, [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/pubs/Hand%20Augered%20Wells-color.pdf Hand Augered Garden Wells]. Lutheran World Relief, third edition 1996. This is a manual on hand augering, well construction, and manufacturing tools.
* [http://www.lifewater.ca/download/Lifewater_Drilling_Manual_2004.pdf Drilling & well construction reference manual]. Lifewater Canada, update 2004. This is a manual on hydrogeology, well construction, all drilling techniques, hand pumps and more. Other information can be found on the [http://www.lifewater.ca/ website of Livewater].
* Koegel, R. (1985), [http://www.fao.org/docrep/X5567E/X5567E00.htm Self Help Wells, FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper]. FAO, Rome.
* Carter, R. C. (2005) [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies]. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies for shallow, small diameter well construction and domestic or agricultural water supply]. Silsoe College, Cranfield University, Bedfordshire, UK.
* [https://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/3038 Private Sector Participation in Low Cost Water Well Drilling]. Cranfield University, 2001. Article on private sector participation in low cost water well drilling in Africa.
* Rural Water Supply Network - Useful network and website for information and downloads related to Rural Water Technologies - [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling Hand drilled wells]. General [http://www.rural-water-supply.net website].
* Peter Wurzel, [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/148 Drilling Boreholes for Hand pumps]. Skat, Switzerland, 2001. A book on hydrogeology, well construction, drilling techniques, well development. Website of [http://www.skat.ch SKAT]
* M. Sonau, [http://www.fao.org/docrep/w7314e/w7314e0v.htm Low-cost shallow tube well construction in West Africa]. FAO - An overview of shallow tube well drilling techniques. Website of [http://www.fao.org/documents/ FAO documents].
* Bob Elson and Rod Shaw, [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf Technical note 43. Simple drilling methods]. WEDC. An overview of simple drilling methods. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/ Loughborough University Technical Briefs section]. Website of [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/ Loughborough University WELLS].
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/Wat_e.pdf A Water Handbook, Technical Guidelines Series]. UNICEF, 1999. Programming and implementation.
* [https://www.dropbox.com/s/dc2lhxx7p657i2v/WaterAid_technology_notes.pdf?dl=0 Technology notes, section 7: Tube wells and boreholes]. WaterAid. An overview of human-powered drilling technologies. Website of [http://www.wateraid.org/uk Wateraid.org].
* Water for the World, Technical note series rws 2, USAID 1982 - Technical notes on methods of developing of groundwater, manual drilling techniques. [http://www.lifewater.org/resources/ground_water.html Website Livewater International].
* [http://navybmr.com/study%20material/14080a/14080A_ch9.pdf Multi-service procedures for well-drilling operations]. US Military. Alternative well construction and manual drilling techniques.
=== Acknowledgements===
* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].
* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
