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[[Image:Icon_jerrycan_tank.png |right|80px]]
'''Jerrycans are light, plastic containers that are readily available and can be easily carried by one person and are readily available. When sealed, they can be used to safely store or transport urine easily and without spills. In case separated urine cannot be used near the point of production, it can be transported in a Jerrycan or tank to a central collection/storage facility or to agricultural land for application.'''
On average, Urine can be collected in jerrycans or they can be filled with the urine stored in [[Urine Storage Tank / Container | Storage Tanks / Containers]] (S.1) for transportation to agricultural fields or to a person generates 1central storage facility.5L of Where urine -diversion systems are common, a day although this quantity micro-enterprise may very significantly depending on specialize in the climate collection and fluid consumptiontransport of jerrycans, using e. A family of 5 can be expected to fill a 20L Jerrycan with urine in approximately two daysg. The urine can then be either stored on site , bicycles, donkeys, carts or transported immediatelysmall trucks.
For compounds or communities that all have ===Design Considerations=== On average, a person generates about 1.2 L of urine diverting systemsa day; however, it this quantity may vary significantly depending on climate and fluidconsumption. A family of 5 can be more appropriate expected to have fill a larger, semi-centralized storage tank that 20 L jerrycan with urine in approximately 3 to 4 days. It can either be stored on site or immediately transported by other means. Where urine-diversion systems are commonIf the jerrycan is directly connected to the toilet or urinal with a pipe, care should be taken to minimize its length since precipitates will accumulate. Pipes should have a micro-enterprise may specialize steep slope (> 1%), no sharp angles, and large diameters. They should be easily accessible in case of blockages. Because jerrycans quickly fill up and need to be frequently exchanged or emptied, the use of a large Storage Tank/Container should be considered for primary collection and transport of Jerrycans the urine. The stored urine can then be filled into jerrycans (e.g., using a bicycle, wagon or donkey small pump) and carttransported to the fields.
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===AdequacyAppropriateness===A well-sealed jerrycan is an effective way of transporting urine over short distances. It is inexpensive, easy to clean and reusable. This type of transport is only appropriate for areas where the points of generation and use (i.e., homes and fields) are close together, and where relatively small quantities of urine are produced. Otherwise, a more formalized and efficient collection and distribution system is necessary. For compounds or communities with urine-diverting systems, for example, it may be more appropriate to have a large urine storage tank that can be emptied by such means as Motorized Emptying and Transport (C.3). Jerrycans can be used in cold environments (where urine freezes) as long as they are not completely filled. In warmer months the stored urine can be used when it is needed for agriculture.
A well-sealed Jerrycan ===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== The people who exchange or empty jerrycans incur low health risks because urine is an effective way of transporting urine short distancesnormally sterile. It is inexpensive, easy to clean and re-useableCarrying jerrycans also poses little health risk as they seal very well. This type of transport is only appropriate for areas where While carrying a jerrycan may not be the points of generation and use (i.e. home and field) are close togethermost pleasant activity, otherwise a it is likely to be more formalized collection convenient and distribution system is necessaryless costly than emptying a pit.
Jerrycans can In some locations, urine has an economic value and it may be used in cold environments (where urine freezes) as long as they are not completely filledcollected from households for free. Stored frozen Families who invest the time to transport and use their own urine can may be then used in warmer months when it is needed for agriculturerewarded with increased agricultural production, improving their nutrition and/or increasing their income.
===Operation & Maintenance=== To minimize bacterial growth, sludge accumulation and unpleasant odours, jerrycans should be frequently washed. Because of safety concerns and difficulty with transporttransportation difficulties, no other liquids (such as blackwater or greywater) should be transported in Jerrycans ===Health Aspects/Acceptance=== There should not be any health risks to those carrying a Jerrycan as urine is generally sterile and the Jerrycans seal well. While carrying a Jerrycan may not be the most pleasant activity, it is likely more convenient and less costly emptying a pit. In some locations, urine has an economic value and it may be collected from the household for free. Families who invest the time to transport and use their own urine may be rewarded with increased agricultural production improving the families health and/or increasing their incomejerrycans.
===Upgrading===
If urine is viewed as a commodity, locally run businesses may collect and transport it for free or for a small fee.
===Maintenance===
To minimize bacterial growth, sludge accumulation and unpleasant odours, Jerrycans should be washed frequently.
===References ===
* von Münch, E. and Winker, M. (2011). Technology Review of Urine Diversion Components. Overview of Urine Diversion Components Such as Waterless Urinals, Urine Diversion Toilets, Urine Storage and Reuse Systems. Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH, Eschborn, DE.
:Available at: [http://www.susana.org/library susana.org/library]
* AustinRichert, A. and Duncker L, Gensch, R. (2002), Jönsson, H. Urine-diversion, Stenström, T. Ecological Sanitation Systems in South AfricaA. CSIR, Pretoriaand Dagerskog, South Africa. * [http://www.gizL.de/en/ GTZ] (20052010). Technical data sheets for ecosan components- 01 Practical Guidance on the Use of Urine Diversion-Piping and Storage. GTZ, Germanyin Crop Production. * MorganEcoSanRes, P. (2007). [http://www.ecosanres.org/toilets_that_make_compost.htm Toilets that make compost]. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, SwedenSE. * Morgan, P. (2004). :Available at: [http://www.ecosanressusana.org/index.htm An Ecological Approach to Sanitation in Africa: A Compilation of Experiences]. Aquamor, Harare, Zimbabwe. Chapter 10: The usefulness of Urine. * NWP (2006). Smart Sanitation Solutions. Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for toilets, collection, transportation, treatment and use of sanitation products. Netherlands Water Partnership, Netherlands. * Schonning, C. and Stenstrom, TA. (2004). [http://www.ecosanreslibrary susana.org/index.htm Guidelines for the Safe Use of Urine and Faeces in Ecological Sanitation Systems-Report 2004-1library]. EcosanRes, Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
* WinbladRieck, UC., von Münch, E. and Simpson-HerbertHoffmann, MH. (eds2012).Technology Review of Urine-Diverting Dry Toilets (UDDTs) . Overview of Design, Operation, Management and Costs. Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (2004GIZ)GmbH, Eschborn, DE. :Available at: [http://www.ecosanressusana.org/ES2_downloadlibrary susana.htm Ecological Sanitation – revised and enlarged editionorg/library]. Stockholm Environment Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.
* WHO (2006). [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/wastewater/gsuweg4/en/ Guidelines for the safe use Safe Use of wastewaterWastewater, Excreta and Greywater- . Volume 4: Excreta and Greywater use Use in agriculture]Agriculture. WHOWorld Health Organization, Geneva, CH.:Available at: [http://www.who.int who.int]
===Acknowledgements===
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
