[[Image:WaterlessSystemWithUrineDiversion.png | 800px ]]
This system is designed to separate Urine and Faeces to allow the Faeces to dehydrate and/or recover the Urine for beneficial use. This Inputs to the system can be used anywhereinclude Faeces, but it is especially appropriate for rocky areas where digging is difficultUrine, where there is a high groundwater table, or in water-scarce regionsAnal Cleansing Water and Dry Cleansing Materials.
The inputs main User Interface technology for this system is the Urine-Diverting Dry Toilet (UDDT, U.2), which allows Urine and Faeces to be separately collected. A Urinal (U.3) can additionally be installed for the system can include Faeces, effective collection of Urine. Different UDDT designs exist for different preferences (e.g., models with a third diversion for Anal Cleansing Water and Dry Cleansing Materials).
There Dehydration Vaults (S.7) are two User Interface Technologies used for this system; a [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet]] (UDDT) or a [[Urinal]]the Collection and Storage/Treatment of Faeces. When storing the Faeces in vaults, they should be kept as dry as possible to encourage dehydration and pathogen reduction. Therefore, the chambers should be watertight and care should be taken to ensure that no water is introduced. UDDTs with a third diversion for Anal Cleansing Water are not commonshould never be put into Dehydration Vaults, but it can be manufactured locally diverted and discharged into a Soak Pit (D.7). Also important is a constant supply of ash, lime, soil, or ordered depending on local washing customssawdust to cover the Faeces. Dry cleansing materials will not harm This helps to absorb humidity, minimize odours and provide a barrier between the systemFaeces and potential vectors (flies). If ash or lime are used, but they should be collected separately from the UDDT and directly transferred for [[Surface Disposal]]related pH increase will also help to kill pathogenic organisms.
Double [[Dehydration Vaults]] are used for For the Collection and Storage/Treatment Technology for Faecesof Urine, Storage Tanks (S.1) are used. Anal Cleansing Water should never be put into Dehydration VaultsAlternatively, but it Urine can also be diverted and put into directly to the ground through an Irrigation system (D.6) or infiltrated through a [[Soak Pit]](D.7). Stored Urine can be easily handled and poses little risk because it is nearly sterile. When storing the Faeces With its high nutrient content it can be used as a good liquid fertilizer.Stored Urine can be transported for Application in chambersagriculture (D.2) using either Jerrycans or a Tank (C.1), they should be kept as dry as possible to encourage dehydration or a Motorized Emptying and hygienizationTransport technology (C. Therefore, 3) – the chambers should be watertight and care should be taken to ensure same way that no bulk water or Sludge is introduced during cleaningtransported to fields.
Also important Human-Powered Emptying and Transport (C.2) is a constant supply required for the removal and Conveyance of the Dried Faeces generated from the Dehydration Vaults. The alternating use of double Dehydration Vaults allows for an extended dehydration period so that the Dried Faeces pose little human health risk when they are removed. A minimum storage time of 6 months is recommended when ash, or lime, or dry earth to are used as cover the material. The Dried Faeces to minimize odours and provide a barrier between the Faeces and potential vectors can then be applied as soil conditioner (fliesD.3). The pH increase will also help to kill organismsIf there are concerns about the quality of the material, it can be further composted in a dedicated composting facility before it is used. A separate Greywater system If there is required since no use for the product, it should not can be introduced into the Dehydration Vaults and preferably not into the pitstemporarily stored or permanently disposed of (D.12).
Urine ===Considerations=== This system can be disposed of easily and without risk to the environment because it used anywhere, but is especially appropriate for rocky areas where digging is difficult, where there is generated a high groundwater table, or in relatively small volumes and is nearly sterilewater-scarce regions. The success of this system depends on the efficient separation of Urine can be diverted directly to the ground for Use and/or Disposal Faeces, as well as [[Application the use of Urine|Land Application]], [[Irrigation]] or soil infiltration through a [[Soak Pit]]suitable cover material. [[Urine Storage Tank|Storage Tanks]] A dry, hot climate can also considerably contribute to the rapid dehydration of the Faeces. The material that is removed should be in a safe, useable form, although proper personal protection should be used for the Collection Storage/Treatment of Urineduring removal, transport and use.
The Dried Faeces that are generated from A separate Greywater system is required since it should not be introduced into the Collection Dehydration Vaults. If there is no agricultural need and Storage/Treatment Technology or no acceptance of using the urine, it can be removed and transported for Use and/directly infiltrated into the soil or Disposalinto a Soak Pit. The Conveyance Technology that Where there are no suppliers of prefabricated UDDT pedestals or slabs, they can be used is [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|Human Powered E&T]]. The Dried Faeces pose little human health risk. Stored Urine can be transported for Use and/ or Disposal locally manufactured using either the [[Jerrycan - tank|Jerrycan]] or [[Motorized Emptying and Transport|Motorized E&T]] Technologiesavailable materials.
Guidelines for All types of Dry Cleansing Materials can be used, although it is best to separately collect them as they will not decompose in the safe vaults and use of Excretaup space. Anal Cleansing Water must be separated from the Faeces, Faecal Sludge and but it can be mixed with the Urine if it is transferred to a Soak Pit. If Urine have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO) is used in agriculture, Anal Cleansing Water should be kept separate and are referenced on the relevant Technology Information Sheetsinfiltrated locally or treated along with Greywater.
==Considerations==Guidelines for the safe use of Faeces and Urine have been published by the World Health Organization (WHO) and are referenced on the relevant technology information sheets.
The success of this system depends on the efficient separation of urine and faeces as well as the use of a suitable drying agent; a dry, hot climate can also contribute considerably to the rapid dehydration of the faeces. The system can be used regardless of the users’ acceptance to Urine use; it can be adapted to suit the agricultural and cultural needs of the users.
All types of solid cleansing materials can be used, although they should be discarded separately. Anal Cleansing Water must be separated from the Faeces although it can be mixed with the Urine before it is transferred to the Soak Pit (not shown in the System Template). If Urine is used in agriculture, Anal Cleansing Water should be kept separate and treated along [[Image:Waterless with Greywaterurine chart.png|none|1000px|]]
==References== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)<br>
