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With time, the biomass will grow thick and the attached layer will be deprived of oxygen; it will enter an endogenous state, will lose its ability to stay attached and will slough off. High-rate loading conditions will also cause sloughing. The collected effluent should be clarified in a settling tank to remove any biomass that may have dislodged from the filter. The hydraulic and nutrient loading rate (i.e. how much wastewater can be applied to the filter) is determined based on the characteristics of the wastewater, the type of filter media, the ambient temperature, and the discharge requirements.
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- High capital costs and moderate operating costs <br> - Requires expert design and construction. <br> - Requires constant source of electricity and constant wastewater flow. <br> - Flies and odours are often problematic. <br> - Not all parts and materials may be available locally. <br> - Pre-treatment is required to prevent clogging. <br> - Dosing system requires more complex engineering.
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==Adequacy==
The sludge that accumulates on the filter must be periodically washed away to prevent clogging. High hydraulic loading rates can be used to flush the filter. The packing must be kept moist. This may be problematic at night when the water flow is reduced or when there are power failures.
==Acknowledgements==
{{:Acknowledgements Sanitation}}
==Referencesand external links== * Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* U.S. EPA (2000). Wastewater Technology Fact Sheet- Trickling Filters, 832-F-00-014. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. Available: http://www.epa.gov (Design summary including tips for trouble shooting.)
