Changes

===Construction, operation and maintenance===

The construction of surangas are carried out by people who have this indigenous knowledge, which is passed on from one generation to another. Detection of the water flow is done by taking into account the slope and elevation, growth of certain hydrophilic plants like, dhoopada mara (Vateria indica), basari mara (Ficus virens) and uppalige mara (Macranga indica), termite mounds and the texture of the soil. The flow of the water can also be detected with the help of skilled workers, who presses their ear to the soil at night to understand the direction and presence of the flow. Water dowsing and use of witchcraft is also prevalent for detection of the water flow.