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'''Co-Composting is the controlled aerobic degradation of organics using more than one materials (Faecal sludge and Organic solid waste). Faecal sludge has a high moisture and nitrogen content while biodegradable solid waste is high in organic carbon and has good bulking properties (i.e. it allows air to flow and circulate). By combining the two, the benefits of each can be used to optimize the process and the product. For dewatered sludges, a ratio of 1:2 to 1:3 of dewatered sludge to solid waste should be used. Liquid sludges should be used at a ratio of 1:5 to 1:10 of liquid sludge to solid waste.'''
===Open co-composting===
There are two types of Co-Composting designs: open and in-vessel. In open composting, the mixed material (sludge and solid waste) is piled into long heaps called windrows and left to decompose. Windrow piles are turned periodically to provide oxygen and ensure that all parts of the pile are subjected to the same heat treatment. Windrow piles should be at least 1m high, and should be insulated with compost or soil to promote an even distribution of heat inside the pile. Depending on the climate and available space, the facility may be covered to prevent excess evaporation and protection from rain.
== References ==
* Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* Cofie, O., et al. (2006). Solid–liquid separation of faecal Sludge using drying beds in Ghana: Implications for nutrient recycling in urban agriculture. Water Research 40(1): 75–82.
* Koné, D., et al. (2007). Helminth eggs inactivation efficiency by faecal Sludge dewatering and co-composting in tropical climates. Water Research 41(19): 4397–4402.
* Obeng, LA. and Wright, FW. (1987). Integrated Resource Recover. The Co-Composting of Domestic Sold and Human Wastes. The World Bank + UNDP, Washington.
* Shuval, HI., et al. (1981). Appropriate Technology for Water Supply and Sanitation; Night-soil Composting. UNDP/WB Contribution to the IDWSSD. The World Bank, Washington. The following reports can all be found in the Faecal Sludge Co-Composting section of the Sandec Website: www.sandec.ch
* Montangero, A., et al. (2002). Co-composting of Faecal Sludge and Soil Waste. Sandec/IWMI, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
* Strauss, M., et al. (2003). Co-composting of Faecal Sludge and Municipal Organic Waste- A Literature and State-of- Knowledge Review. Sandec/IMWI, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
* Drescher. S., Zurbrügg, C., Enayetullah, I. and Singha, MAD. (2006). Decentralised Composting for Cities of Low- and Middle-Income Countries - A User’s Manual. Eawag/Sandec and Waste Concern, Dhaka.
