Changes

The top diameter of the Single VIP should be between 1 to 1.5mand be dug at least 3mdeep, although the deeper the better. Deep pits can last up to 15, 20, 30 or more years. As the effluent leaches from the Single VIP and migrates through unsaturated soils, faecal organisms are removed. The degree of faecal organism removal varies with soil type, distance traveled, moisture and other environmental factors and thus, it is difficult to estimate the necessary distance between a pit and a water source. A minimum distance of 30m between the pit and a water source is recommended to limit exposure to chemical and biological contamination.

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- Flies and odours are significantly reduced (compared to non-ventilated pits). <br> - Does not require a constant source of water. <br> - Suitable for all types of user (sitters, squatters, washers and wipers). <br> - Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br> - Can be used immediately after construction. <br> - Low (but variable) capital costs depending on materials. <br> - Small land area required. | con=