Changes

- Does not require a constant source of water <br>- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials <br>- Low capital and operating costs

<br>- reuse of nutrients is possible| con=- Can lead to unpleasant odours when used incorrectly}}

===Adequacy===

The Urinal can be used with or without water and the plumbing can be developed accordingly. If water is used, it is mainly used for cleaning and limiting odours (where the water acts as a water-seal). Water-based Urinals use 8 to 12 litres of flushwater, whereas low-flush models use less than 4 litres of flushwater. Because the Urinal is exclusively for urine it is important to also provide another toilet to be used for faeces. Waterless Urinals are available in a range of styles and complexities.