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New page: <!-- table at top of page with logo, picture, and input-output tables. --> {{santable_short| sys1=1 | sys2=3 | sys3=[[Blackwater...
<!-- table at top of page with logo, picture, and input-output tables. -->
{{santable_short|
sys1=[[Single Pit System|1]] |
sys2=[[Pour Flush System with Twin Pits|3]] |
sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|5]] |
sys4=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage|6]] |
sys5=[[(Semi-) Centralized Treatment System|7]] |
sys6=|
sys7=|
sys8=|
pic=Pour_flush_toilet.png|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=Flushwater| Input4=Anal cleansing water |Input5=|
Output1=Blackwater| Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
}}
'''A Pour Flush Toilet is like a regular Flush Toilet except that instead of the water coming from the cistern above, it is poured in by the user. When the water supply is not continuous, any cistern Flush Toilet can become a Pour Flush Toilet.'''
Just like a traditional Flush Toilet, there is a water seal
that prevents odours and flies from coming back up
the pipe.
Water is poured into the bowl to flush the toilet of excreta;
approximately 2 to 3L is usually sufficient. The quantity
of water and the force of the water (pouring from a
height often helps) must be sufficient to move the excreta
up and over the curved water seal.
Both pedestals and squatting pans can be used in the
pour flush mode. Due to demand, local manufacturers
have become increasingly efficient at mass-producing
affordable, Pour Flush Toilets and pans.
The S-shape of the water seal determines how much
water is needed for flushing. To reduce water requirements,
it is advisable to collect toilet paper or other dry
cleansing materials separately.
The waterseal at the bottom of the Pour Flush Toilet or
pan should have a slope of 25 to 30°. Water seals should
be made out of plastic or ceramic to prevent clogs and to
make cleaning easier (concrete may clog more easily if it
is rough or textured). The optimal depth of the water seal
is approximately 2cm to minimize the water required to
flush the excreta. The trap should be approximately 7cm
in diameter.
{{procontable | pro=
- The water seal effectively prevents odours <br>- The excreta of one user are flushed away before the next user arrives <br>- Suitable for all types of users (sitters, squatters, wipers and washers) <br>- Low capital costs; operating costs depend on the price of water | con= - Requires a constant source of water (can be recycled water and/or collected rain water)<br> - Cannot be built and/or repaired locally with available materials <br> - Requires some education to be used correctly
}}
==Adequacy==
The water seal is effective at preventing
odours and it is appropriate for those who sit or squat
(pedestal or slab) as well as those who cleanse with
water. It is only appropriate when there is a constant
supply of water available. The Pour Flush Toilet requires
(much) less water than a traditional cistern Flush Toilet.
However, because a smaller amount of water is used,
the Pour Flush Toilet may clog more easily and thus,
require more maintenance.
If water is available, this type of toilet is appropriate for
both public and private applications.
Pour Flush Toilets are adequate for almost all climates.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance==
The Pour Flush Toilet
(or squatting pan) prevents users from seeing or smelling
the excreta of previous users. Thus, it is generally
well accepted. Provided that the water seal is working well, there should be no odours and the toilet should be
clean and comfortable to use.
==Maintenance==
Because there are no mechanical parts,
Pour Flush Toilets are quite robust and rarely require
repair.
Despite the fact that water is used continuously in the
toilet, it should be cleaned regularly to prevent the build
up of organics and or/stains.
To prevent clogging of the Pour Flush Toilet, it is recommended
that dry cleansing materials be collected separately
and not flushed down the toilet.
==References==
* Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* Mara, DD. (1996). Low-Cost Urban Sanitation. Wiley, Chichester, UK. (Provides detailed drawings of Indian glass-fibre squat pan and trap with dimensions and critical design criteria. A description of how to modify a Pour Flush Toilet to a cistern Flush Toilet is included.)
* Roy, AK., et al. (1984). Manual on the Design, Construction and Maintenance of Low-Cost Pour Flush Waterseal Latrines in India (UNDP Interreg. Project INT/81/047). The World Bank + UNDP, Washington.(Provides specifications for Pour Flush Toilets and connections.)
{{santable_short|
sys1=[[Single Pit System|1]] |
sys2=[[Pour Flush System with Twin Pits|3]] |
sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|5]] |
sys4=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage|6]] |
sys5=[[(Semi-) Centralized Treatment System|7]] |
sys6=|
sys7=|
sys8=|
pic=Pour_flush_toilet.png|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=Flushwater| Input4=Anal cleansing water |Input5=|
Output1=Blackwater| Output2= | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
}}
'''A Pour Flush Toilet is like a regular Flush Toilet except that instead of the water coming from the cistern above, it is poured in by the user. When the water supply is not continuous, any cistern Flush Toilet can become a Pour Flush Toilet.'''
Just like a traditional Flush Toilet, there is a water seal
that prevents odours and flies from coming back up
the pipe.
Water is poured into the bowl to flush the toilet of excreta;
approximately 2 to 3L is usually sufficient. The quantity
of water and the force of the water (pouring from a
height often helps) must be sufficient to move the excreta
up and over the curved water seal.
Both pedestals and squatting pans can be used in the
pour flush mode. Due to demand, local manufacturers
have become increasingly efficient at mass-producing
affordable, Pour Flush Toilets and pans.
The S-shape of the water seal determines how much
water is needed for flushing. To reduce water requirements,
it is advisable to collect toilet paper or other dry
cleansing materials separately.
The waterseal at the bottom of the Pour Flush Toilet or
pan should have a slope of 25 to 30°. Water seals should
be made out of plastic or ceramic to prevent clogs and to
make cleaning easier (concrete may clog more easily if it
is rough or textured). The optimal depth of the water seal
is approximately 2cm to minimize the water required to
flush the excreta. The trap should be approximately 7cm
in diameter.
{{procontable | pro=
- The water seal effectively prevents odours <br>- The excreta of one user are flushed away before the next user arrives <br>- Suitable for all types of users (sitters, squatters, wipers and washers) <br>- Low capital costs; operating costs depend on the price of water | con= - Requires a constant source of water (can be recycled water and/or collected rain water)<br> - Cannot be built and/or repaired locally with available materials <br> - Requires some education to be used correctly
}}
==Adequacy==
The water seal is effective at preventing
odours and it is appropriate for those who sit or squat
(pedestal or slab) as well as those who cleanse with
water. It is only appropriate when there is a constant
supply of water available. The Pour Flush Toilet requires
(much) less water than a traditional cistern Flush Toilet.
However, because a smaller amount of water is used,
the Pour Flush Toilet may clog more easily and thus,
require more maintenance.
If water is available, this type of toilet is appropriate for
both public and private applications.
Pour Flush Toilets are adequate for almost all climates.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance==
The Pour Flush Toilet
(or squatting pan) prevents users from seeing or smelling
the excreta of previous users. Thus, it is generally
well accepted. Provided that the water seal is working well, there should be no odours and the toilet should be
clean and comfortable to use.
==Maintenance==
Because there are no mechanical parts,
Pour Flush Toilets are quite robust and rarely require
repair.
Despite the fact that water is used continuously in the
toilet, it should be cleaned regularly to prevent the build
up of organics and or/stains.
To prevent clogging of the Pour Flush Toilet, it is recommended
that dry cleansing materials be collected separately
and not flushed down the toilet.
==References==
* Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.)
* Mara, DD. (1996). Low-Cost Urban Sanitation. Wiley, Chichester, UK. (Provides detailed drawings of Indian glass-fibre squat pan and trap with dimensions and critical design criteria. A description of how to modify a Pour Flush Toilet to a cistern Flush Toilet is included.)
* Roy, AK., et al. (1984). Manual on the Design, Construction and Maintenance of Low-Cost Pour Flush Waterseal Latrines in India (UNDP Interreg. Project INT/81/047). The World Bank + UNDP, Washington.(Provides specifications for Pour Flush Toilets and connections.)
