Changes

The areas are in close coordination with DDC, DWSS subdivision office, WASH actors and community demand, especially in rainwater harvesting. High water hardship means that sufficient (clean) water is not locally available, but needs to be fetched downhill. Often springs have dried up, and / or other sources are contaminated. The lack of clean drinking water nearby is problematic, especially for (pregnant) women and children who are most vulnerable to diseases. Moreover, the lack of water makes sanitation and hygienic behaviour very difficult, thereby aggravating even further the drinking water problems through contamination of existing sources. Water in these areas is too scarce to be used for gardening, small scale irrigation and for cattle rearing – the lack of water thus has a direct effect on food insecurity.

The target population mainly consists of marginalised groups who are socially excluded, such as the Kamis (dalit group). The population lives uphill at least several hours walking distance from water sources, but also from other facilities, such as markets. People mainly depend on subsistence agriculture and small scale cattle rearing. With settlements on steep hills, undulating slippery paths and with long waiting periods for collecting water, the people face difficulties with time, heath and education of their children, as well as adoption of sanitation and hygiene practices.