====Chapter 4 - Sanitation and the environment====
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|style="color:black; background-color:green;"|<font color="white">'''Questions'''</font>
|style="color:black; background-color:green;"|<font color="white">'''Learning objectives'''</font>
|style="color:black; background-color:green;"|<font color="white">'''Download'''</font>
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.1. <br>Nutrient and water cycles in biosphere and society
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How do plant nutrients and water flow in the biosphere? How have flows been changed by society?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Cycles of nutrients and water in the biosphere. Flows of nutrients and contaminants in excreta/greywater/waste.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.1_Nutrient_and_water_cycles_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 1.3 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.1_Nutrient_and_water_cycles_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 1 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.2. <br>'''Treatment of excreta for safe reuse'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Can urine and faeces be made safe for use in crop cultivation? Can household organic material be incorporated?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Effects of digestion, storage, desiccation, composting, heat & ammonia treatment, incineration on pathogens and fertiliser quality.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.2_Treatm_of_excreta_f_safe_reuse_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 0.7 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.2_Treatm_of_excreta_f_safe_reuse_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 0.5 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.3 <br>'''Compost treatment'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|What happens in a compost? How is the material degraded and what are the end products like?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Composting as a biological treatment of organic waste. Processes and the function of the system
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.3_Compost_treatment_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 0.5 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.3_Compost_treatment_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 1.7 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.4 <br>'''Biogas reactors for treatment'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Why do substances degrade and form biogas? What amounts can be produced?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How to manage anaerobic processes to obtain biogas. Biogas generation in the world today.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.4_Biogas_reactors_for_treatment_2010-09-05.ppt ppt] 5.5 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.4_Biogas_reactors_for_treatment_2010-09-05.pdf pdf] 4.3 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.5. <br>'''Greywater is man-made'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Greywater as a resource? What happens with used household chemicals?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|What we add to water while using it. Source control in homes and industries.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.5_Greywater_is_man-made_2010-09-20.ppt ppt] 2 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.5_Greywater_is_man-made_2010-09-20.pdf pdf] 2.5 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.6. <br>'''Greywater – processes'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How can Nature assist or react? What compounds can be removed?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Be familiar with how treatment processes work and why they function.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.6_Greywater_processes_2010-09-05.ppt ppt] 2.5 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.6_Greywater_processes_2010-09-05.pdf pdf] 4.1 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.7. <br>'''Greywater treatment options'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Can we remove all metals and pathogens? What is in the sludge?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Various treatment options and how they combine physical/ biological/chemical processes.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.7_Greywater_treatment_options_2010-09-05.ppt ppt] 7.2 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.7_Greywater_treatment_options_2010-09-05.pdf pdf] 5.9 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.8. <br>'''Excreta fertilisers in agriculture'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How can ecological fertilisers from excreta best be used?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Factors limiting yield. Functions of plant nutrients. Examples and recommendations.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.8_Excreta_fertilisers_in_agricul_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 0.9 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.8_Excreta_fertilisers_in_agricul_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 0.5 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.9. <br>'''Environmental systems analysis'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Can sanitation systems be compared fairly? How to measure impacts?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|System boundaries. Quantification of environmental effects and resource use.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.9_Environmental_systems_analysis_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 0.3 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.9_Environmental_systems_analysis_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 1 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.10. <br>'''Comparisons of sanitation systems'''
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How can a dry UD toilet system be compared with a conventional system?
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Effects on water, climate and various resource use. Cost-benefit analysis.
|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.10_Comparisons_of_san._systems_2010-09-08.ppt ppt] 0.9 MB<br>[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/4.10_Comparisons_of_san._systems_2010-09-08.pdf pdf] 0.6 MB
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|style="color:black; background-color:#F0FFF0;" colspan="4"|'''Total Chapter 2 download''': [http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/Chapter_2_total_2012-06-02.ppt ppt] 25.9 MB, [http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/upload/Chapter_2_total.pdf pdf] 11.9 MB
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'''[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/m3d.php Chapter 4] - Sanitation and the environment'''
'''[http://www.sustainablesanitation.info/m3e.php Chapter 5] - Applications'''
