Changes

In Trichy in the state of Tamil Nadu, India, women self-help groups run most municipal sanitation blocks with the help from WaterAid India and their own federation (Water Aid, 2008). They use both payments per visit and monthly subscriptions for adult users, with locally set fees. Typical single user fees are INR 0.50 (US$ 0.01) for defecation and INR 2 to INR 3(US$ 0.04 to US$ 0.06) for bathing and doing laundry. Subscribers pay INR 16 to 32 (US$ 0.32 to US$ 0.64) per month. Use is free for children, the elderly and single women (WaterAid, 2008). Sijbesma (2011, page 49); ''The reported monthly expenditure indicates that households who pay per visit do not use the sanitation block every day. The reasons are not clear, but it is likely that under capacity and queuing for toilets at peak times motivate users to go back to open defecation.''