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Household water treatment and safe storage (HWTS) has emerged as a viable solution for small and large populations, especially in rural areas. HWTS interventions can lead to dramatic improvements in drinking water quality and reductions in diarrhoeal disease, making an immediate difference to the lives of those who rely on water from polluted rivers, lakes and, in some cases, unsafe wells or piped water supplies.

Chlorination is the most widely used method of disinfecting drinking-water. Liquids (such as bleach), powders (such as bleaching powder), and purpose-made tablets can be used. Iodine can also be used as a chemical disinfectant. Choosing the right amount of chlorine to use can be difficult, because the effectiveness of chlorination depends on the quality of the untreated water, which may vary according to the season.

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