Difference between revisions of "ICZM in Indonesia"

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{{English-Bahasa-box|english_link= ICZM in Indonesia | indonesian_link= ICZM di Indonesia}}
 
{{English-Bahasa-box|english_link= ICZM in Indonesia | indonesian_link= ICZM di Indonesia}}
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Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>
  
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{| class="wikitable"
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=== '''Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia''' ===
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The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include:
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= Welcome to ICZM Indonesia Wiki =
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* loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries,  
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Here you will find a repository of knowledge regarding definitions, concepts, development, approaches, case studies, experiences and learning regarding ICZM in Indonesia. It is intended as a point of reference for people working in and/ with the government in Indonesia to improve the processes towards the implementation of ICZM.  
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* improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (not coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak),  
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* declining socio-economic livelihood status of the already poor inhabitants of coastal villages,
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* increasing coastal population,  
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* overfishing and use of destructive methods,  
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* lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal zone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level,  
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* the relevance of agricultural policy for income and food security<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>.
  
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Share your knowledge, research, information on Integrated Coastal Zone Management by contributing articles to ICZM Indonesia Wiki. If you need support to upload your material, please contact our editor xxx at [e-mail]. Thank you for visiting!
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The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the management of marine resources and other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM concept. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.<ref>http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf</ref>
  
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This site is hosted and managed by [https://akvopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page Akvopedia]team of  [http://akvo.org/ Akvo Foundation] and UNDIP-ICZM Centre.
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===The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java ===
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In March 2019 the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java, Indonesia started. The project started introducing Central Java Province (CJP) to the concepts of ICZM and understanding the coastal issues, the mechanisms and tools to influence these mechanisms. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading ICZM in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate on this matter.  
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[[File:Draft-01 General.png|left|frameless]]
 
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====== '''[[ICZM in Indonesia]]''' ======
 
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Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>
 
  
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====== '''Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia''' ======
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Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second year. [http://pusdataru.jatengprov.go.id/ PUSDATARU] (department of CJP) indicated that they were no longer able to support the project due to budget re-allocation for the mitigation of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a consequence it was no longer feasible to continue the project.
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The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include • loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries, • improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (not coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak), • declining socio-economic livelihood status of the already poor inhabitants of coastal villages, • increasing coastal population, • overfishing and use of destructive methods, • lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal zone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level, • the relevance of agricultural policy for income and food security<ref>Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg</ref>.
 
  
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The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the management of marine resources and other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM concept. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.<ref>http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf</ref>
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To make sure that the content and lessons learned within the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content report. This report is not based on new research, except for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on the coastal problems and bottlenecks within the project and gives conclusions and recommendations. It was presented to CJP on 28 September 2021. A presentation is added as in the Annex.  
  
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== Implementation of ICZM in Indonesia ==
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The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final content report<ref>Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts (TwynstraGudde, Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde), Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) and Henni Hendarti (Deltares), Date 21-9-2021</ref> with additional extra resources.    
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]
 
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|'''[https://akvopedia.org/wiki/ICZM_in_Central_Java ICZM in Central Java]'''
 
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|The [https://jatengprov.go.id/ Central Java Provincial Government] in Indonesia has made a commitment to revitalize and restore the northern coasts of Central Java with the ICZM approach. One of the efforts is by cooperating with [https://www.dutchwatersector.com/news/twynstragudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-on-java-indonesia The Dutch-Indonesian ICZM consortium], who will assist the local authorities with knowledge development and capacity building to implement ICZM.
 
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|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]
 
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|'''ICZM in North Sumatra'''
 
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|North Sumatra is the potential to increase coastal tourism as well as to enhance the economic growth of the area. The main objective of North Sumatra government strategic planning is economic development that describes on their mission to enlarge social ability and support regional economic stakeholders in taking advantage of natural resources and services of integrated and sustained coastal zone management for developing marine tourism. The strategy needed in gaining North Sumatra's potential tourism in the coastal area. The key challenges are lack of integrated coastal policies with effective implementation and difficulty of coordinating among several government agencies whose manage coastal activities Integration and collaborative approach is needed to secure the stainable development of marine areas in a healthy environment. The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) would be suitable to be applied in the North Sumatra coastal area if the NorthSumatra tourism industry is to remain profitable in the long term.<ref>https://www.researchgate.net/publication/319206751_integrated_coastal_tourism_planning_in_north_sumatera</ref>
 
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|[[File:Draft-01 General.png|80x80px]]
 
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|ICZM in ..
 
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{| class="wikitable"
 
{| class="wikitable"
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!Definition of Integrated Coastal Zone Management
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|+'''Table of Content'''
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![[File:2 Pengelolaan Zona Pantai.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]'''<sub>[[2. ICZM: International perspective]]</sub>'''
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|'''(ICZM)''' is a complex term. ICZM, as an integrated approach of the coastal zone, needs to be related to its broader context. This features context and means looking at developments in political & administrative, economic, societal, technological, environmental and legal fields. It requires knowledge of the physical systems (for example upstream-downstream relations) and availability of data. 
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![[File:Stakeholders in ICZM.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[2. Institutions|'''3. Institutions''']]
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![[File:9 Masterplan.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]<sub>[[3. Analysis of coastal spatial plans|4. Analysis of coastal spatial plans]]</sub>
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|ICZM calls for organizing and development of institutional capacities and a stakeholder network. It is a management challenge (how to make it work?). It calls for establishing the right decision-making platforms and for example working groups and a stakeholder network with good relationships. All these elements are explained further on this wiki-portal.
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![[File:11 Regulation.png|center|frameless|100x100px]]<sub>[[4. Analysis of legal tools|5. Analysis of legal tools]]</sub>
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![[File:12 Study Case.png|center|frameless|100x100px]][[7. Annexes & Presentations|'''6. Annexes & Presentations''']]
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|[http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Some_definitions_of_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Some definitions of ICZM] is compiled in this [http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_(ICZM) Coastal Wiki] page.
 
 
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[[File:Logo Partners Voor Water.png|right|frameless|250x250px]]
  
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== How to Apply ICZM ==
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===== Acknowledgements =====
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{| class="sortable"
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[https://www.partnersvoorwater.nl/ '''Partners for Water (Partners voor Water)''']
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|[[File:Draft-04 Technical Aspects.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]
 
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|[[File:ICZM working together.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]
 
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|[[File:Draft-03 Finance.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]
 
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|[[File:ICZM building strong organization.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]
 
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|[[File:ICZM learning.png|center|frameless|185x185px]]
 
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|[[Technical Aspects]]
 
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|[[Working Together]]
 
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|[[Financing ICZM]]
 
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|[[Building a Strong Organization | Building a <br>Strong Organization]]
 
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|[[Learning and Personal Development | Learning and <br>Personal Development]]
 
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== Videos ==
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Partners for Water is the program for parties in the Dutch water sector with international ambitions. For more than ten years, Partners for Water has been supporting innovative projects by collaborating parties abroad. With knowledge, advice, financing and networks.
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{| class="wikitable"
 
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! colspan="3" |Videos on ICZM
 
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|-
 
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| colspan="3" |Here are several videos explaining what integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) is all about and issues related to ICZM from various sources and experts on coastal management.
 
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|-
 
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|{{YouTube
 
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| id = g3uD-m6DPcc
 
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}}Interview with Dr. Peter R. Burbridge,
 
  
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emeritus professor and coastal management expert
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[https://twynstra.com/#2 '''TwynstraGudde''']
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[[File:Twynstra logo.png|right|frameless]]
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TwynstraGudde is the leading partner of the ICZM in Northern Coastal of Central Java Project. Twynstra Gudde’s expertise is in strategy, organisation and management, i.e developing knowledge and capacity building and also have international experience, such as implementing the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 project. Within the ICZM in Central Java project, TwynstraGudde's role is to advise on and provide coaching for capacity building and knowledge development, e.g. institutional capacity, connective capacity, strategy forming, stakeholder management and financing<ref>https://twynstra.com/twynstra-gudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-in-indonesia/</ref>.   
  
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from Newcastle University at U.K,
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[[File:Witteveen+Bos logo.png|right|frameless]]'''[https://www.witteveenbos.com/about-us/ Witteveen+Bos]'''
  
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about the meaning of ICZM.
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Witteveen+Bos is an engineering and consultancy firm with expertise in supporting partners to overcome challenging problems in water, infrastructure, the environment and construction. Witteveen has had experiences working in various projects in Java. Within the project, Witteveen+Bos takes the role of operational project lead and provides the technical expertise and knowledge as well as experience of coastal development.
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|{{YouTube
 
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| id = qvcw_petP2w
 
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}}Interview with John R.Clark, ICZM an expert
 
  
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from the United States who is also an international specialist
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'''[https://www.bita.id/bita-bina-semesta/ Bita Bina Semesta]'''
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[[File:Bita-bbs logo.png|right|frameless]]
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in the development of marine protected areas.
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PT BITA BINA SEMESTA/BBS is an Indonesian National Consultant Company specializing on 'front end' type of works, including planning and environmental studies for power plant development, mineral and natural resource development, urban development, infrastructure and industrial development. Bita's role in the project is to support studies and planning towards the Central Java ICZM masterplan.
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|{{YouTube
 
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| id = wDVSZefJqXU
 
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}}Short video graphic about coastal management.
 
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|}
 
  
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== Research/Publications ==
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[[File:Center for ICZM UNDIP Logo.png|right|frameless]]
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[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/32157545_Integrated_Coastal_Zone_Management_ICZM_in_Indonesia_A_View_from_a_Mangrove_Ecologist Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia: A View from a Mangrove Ecologist]
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'''[https://iczm.undip.ac.id/ Center for ICZM, Diponegoro University]'''
  
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[https://www.researchgate.net/publication/223755373_Integrated_coastal_zone_management_towards_Indonesia_global_ocean_observing_system_INA-GOOS_Review_and_recommendation Integrated coastal zone management towards Indonesia global ocean observing system (INA-GOOS): Review and recommendation]
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Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal area management in Indonesia. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.
  
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[http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf Integrated Coastal Zone Management in Indonesia]
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===== Media =====
 +
* [https://jatengprov.go.id/publik/belanda-pertajam-kerja-sama-revitalisasi-pantura-jawa/ "The Netherlands Sharpens Cooperation for the Revitalization of the Java Coast", Jan 30th 2018 | Central Java Government Official Website]
 +
* [https://humas.jatengprov.go.id/detail_berita_gubernur?id=2450 "ICZM Team Ready To Handle Coastal Areas of Central Java", March 28th, 2019 | Central Java Government Public Relations Website]
  
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== References ==
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===== References =====
 +
<references/>

Latest revision as of 05:25, 5 October 2021

English Indonesia

Coastal resources in Indonesia are used by the local communities for obtaining food, fodder, fuelwood, shelter and a variety of other services. With high biological diversity and endemism, coastal zones are used as repositories for the effluent of industrial processes and domestic wastes and also as prime sites for reclamation to create land for industry, agriculture, and settlement. In areas such as Java, the expansion of large cities disturb the coastal zone. Indonesia’s population is increasing at an alarming rate and will be 270 million in 2020 and so demographic pressures are pronounced more in Indonesia. About 64% of Indonesian people live in and around the coastal areas.1

Coastal Zone Problems in Indonesia

The consequences of coastal exploitation in Indonesia are very complex. The key resource use problems and conflicts in the coastal zone in Indonesia include:

  • loss of mangrove forest and tidal swamplands which support traditional fisheries,
  • improper utilization of coastal zone by "money holders" (not coastal inhabitant - example conversion of mangrove forest for Tambak),
  • declining socio-economic livelihood status of the already poor inhabitants of coastal villages,
  • increasing coastal population,
  • overfishing and use of destructive methods,
  • lack of comprehensive ecological information concerning the coastal zone/resources for developers an~ decision-makers at the provincial level,
  • the relevance of agricultural policy for income and food security2.

The concept of ICZM has been known in international forums since 1992. Almost in most international conventions on marine and environmental management recommend the use of the ICZM concept in the management of marine resources and other marine activities. Much success has been achieved by coastal countries in the world in implementing the ICZM concept. It is therefore appropriate for Indonesia to apply the ICZM concept as an alternative solution to the problems it faces in the management of marine and coastal resources and other activities in the marine sector.3

The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java

In March 2019 the Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) for the Northern Coast of Central Java, Indonesia started. The project started introducing Central Java Province (CJP) to the concepts of ICZM and understanding the coastal issues, the mechanisms and tools to influence these mechanisms. Also it was guiding the province in the process of becoming a competent authority leading ICZM in Central Java so they can exercise their mandate on this matter.

Unfortunately the global pandemic has halted the project while it was entering its second year. PUSDATARU (department of CJP) indicated that they were no longer able to support the project due to budget re-allocation for the mitigation of the Covid-19 pandemic. As a consequence it was no longer feasible to continue the project.

To make sure that the content and lessons learned within the project are not lost it was decided to make a final content report. This report is not based on new research, except for some spatial plan and legal tools analysis. It shows international ICZM perspectives, summarizes the findings on the coastal problems and bottlenecks within the project and gives conclusions and recommendations. It was presented to CJP on 28 September 2021. A presentation is added as in the Annex.

The table of content below is based on the Integrated Coastal Zone Management Final content report4 with additional extra resources.

Table of Content
2 Pengelolaan Zona Pantai.png
2. ICZM: International perspective
Stakeholders in ICZM.png
3. Institutions
9 Masterplan.png
4. Analysis of coastal spatial plans
11 Regulation.png
5. Analysis of legal tools
12 Study Case.png
6. Annexes & Presentations
Logo Partners Voor Water.png
Acknowledgements

Partners for Water (Partners voor Water)

Partners for Water is the program for parties in the Dutch water sector with international ambitions. For more than ten years, Partners for Water has been supporting innovative projects by collaborating parties abroad. With knowledge, advice, financing and networks.

TwynstraGudde

Twynstra logo.png

TwynstraGudde is the leading partner of the ICZM in Northern Coastal of Central Java Project. Twynstra Gudde’s expertise is in strategy, organisation and management, i.e developing knowledge and capacity building and also have international experience, such as implementing the Bangladesh Delta Plan 2100 project. Within the ICZM in Central Java project, TwynstraGudde's role is to advise on and provide coaching for capacity building and knowledge development, e.g. institutional capacity, connective capacity, strategy forming, stakeholder management and financing5.

Witteveen+Bos logo.png
Witteveen+Bos

Witteveen+Bos is an engineering and consultancy firm with expertise in supporting partners to overcome challenging problems in water, infrastructure, the environment and construction. Witteveen has had experiences working in various projects in Java. Within the project, Witteveen+Bos takes the role of operational project lead and provides the technical expertise and knowledge as well as experience of coastal development.

Bita Bina Semesta

Bita-bbs logo.png

PT BITA BINA SEMESTA/BBS is an Indonesian National Consultant Company specializing on 'front end' type of works, including planning and environmental studies for power plant development, mineral and natural resource development, urban development, infrastructure and industrial development. Bita's role in the project is to support studies and planning towards the Central Java ICZM masterplan.

Center for ICZM UNDIP Logo.png

Center for ICZM, Diponegoro University

Center for ICZM UNDIP is is a research center that focuses on integrated coastal area management in Indonesia. Within the project, the research center works together with the Central Java Provincial Government to lead in the preparation of the Brebes Regency master plan in 2021.

Media
References
  1. ↑ Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
  2. ↑ Sukardjo S. (1999) Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) in Indonesia. In: Salomons W., Turner R.K., de Lacerda L.D., Ramachandran S. (eds) Perspectives on Integrated Coastal Zone Management. Environmental Science. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
  3. ↑ http://oseanografi.lipi.go.id/dokumen/oseana_xxxi(1)21-26.pdf
  4. ↑ Victor Coenen (Witteveen+Bos), Susan Arts (TwynstraGudde, Jaap de Heer (TwynstraGudde), Mugy Grimwaldy (Bita Bina Semesta) and Henni Hendarti (Deltares), Date 21-9-2021
  5. ↑ https://twynstra.com/twynstra-gudde-wins-tender-for-coastal-zone-management-project-in-indonesia/
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