Difference between revisions of "獲取地下水"

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{{Language-box|english_link=Groundwater access |french_link=L'accès aux eaux souterraines |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon}}
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{{Language-box|english_link=Groundwater access |french_link=L'accès aux eaux souterraines |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=獲取地下水 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon}}
 
雨水如能順利入滲,最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法,因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。
 
雨水如能順利入滲,最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法,因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。
  
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed infiltration galleries small.jpg|center|100px|link=河床集水廊道]]  
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed infiltration galleries small.jpg|center|100px|link=河床集水廊道]]  
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg|center|100px|link=泉水收集]]
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg|center|100px|link=泉水收集]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Subsurface harvesting systems small.jpg|center|100px|link=Subsurface harvesting systems]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Subsurface harvesting systems small.jpg|center|100px|link=地下水收集系統]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Small rotary machines small.jpg|center|100px|link=Small rotary machines]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Small rotary machines small.jpg|center|100px|link=小型迴旋機]]
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=噴射沖洗-引擎動力迴旋噴射沖洗]]
 
|-
 
|-
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed infiltration galleries|河床集水廊道]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed infiltration galleries|河床集水廊道]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Springwater collection|泉水收集]]</div>
 
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Springwater collection|泉水收集]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Subsurface harvesting systems|Subsurface <br>harvesting systems]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Subsurface harvesting systems|地下水收集系統]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Small rotary machines|Small rotary<br> machines]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Small rotary machines|小型迴旋機]]</div>
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|Jetting - Engine <br>powered rotary jetting]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|噴射沖洗-<br>引擎動力迴旋噴射沖洗]]</div>
 
|-
 
|-
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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<br>
 
<br>
===Field experiences===
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===實地經驗===
 
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|[[Image:project 473.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  RSR Project 473]<br>Project Water4Tomorrow</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  ]]  
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|[[Image:project 473.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  RSR 473計畫]<br>Water4Tomorrow計畫</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  ]]  
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
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===Groundwater links===
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===地下水連結===
* [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection]]
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* [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection|永續環境衛生 & 地下水保護]]
* [http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/key-successfully-managing-groundwater-india The key to successfully managing groundwater in India]
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* [http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/key-successfully-managing-groundwater-india • 成功處理印度地下水的關鍵]
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R Smart Solutions]
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* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R聰明解決方案(3R:補給、保持、重複使用)]
* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]</font>:  The Archive is a searchable database of published and unpublished groundwater literature about Africa, including reports, journal articles, conference papers and maps. Many of these documents are freely available to download; for others, a link is provided to the online abstract, or a full bibliographic reference is given where the document is not known to be available online.
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* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm 非洲地下水文獻資料庫]</font>:此資料庫包含出版及未出版的報告、期刊文章、 會議論文及地圖,為一有搜尋功能的非洲地下水文獻數據庫。多數的文件可免費下載;其餘則提供線上摘要的連結。對於在線取得性不明之文件則給予完整的參考書目出處。
* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/en/videos/categories/displayresults/0?pattern=manual%20drilling&rpp=10&sort=0&ep=&ex= Lots of manual drilling videos]. Produced by UNICEF.
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* 影片:[http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/en/videos/categories/displayresults/0?pattern=manual%20drilling&rpp=10&sort=0&ep=&ex= 多項手動鑽鑿影片]。 由聯合國國際兒童緊急救援基金會提供。
* Arjen van der Wal, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf UNDERSTANDING GROUNDWATER & WELLS In Manual Drilling: INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK for manual drilling teams on hydro-geology for well drilling, well installation and well development]. Practica Foundation. June 2010 (2nd Edition). French version: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Understanding%20Groundwater%20%26%20Wells%20PRACTICA%20FR%20June%202010.pdf  CONNAISSANCES DES METHODES DE CAPTAGE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES: appliquées aux forages manuels].
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* Arjen van der Wal, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf 瞭解手動鑽鑿地下水 & 水井: 提供手動鑽鑿小組作為水井鑽鑿、設置及開發的水文地質學操作指南]。Practica Foundation。2010年六月(第二版)。 法文版:[http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Understanding%20Groundwater%20%26%20Wells%20PRACTICA%20FR%20June%202010.pdf  CONNAISSANCES DES METHODES DE CAPTAGE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES: appliquées aux forages manuels].
* [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/home.html Groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa.] Keyworth, Nottingham. British Geological Survey 2011.
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* [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/home.html 地下水對於非洲氣候的適應力。] Keyworth, Nottingham。英國地質調查所 2011。
* [http://www.un-igrac.org/dynamics/modules/SFIL0100/view.php?fil_Id=135 Global Overview of Saline Groundwater Occurrence and Genesis.] IGRAC, 2009.
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* [http://www.un-igrac.org/resource/global-overview-saline-groundwater-occurrence-and-genesis-0 地下水鹽化發生及起源之全球概要。] 國際地下水資源評估中心,2009。
* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf Sustainable Development of Groundwater Resources in  Southern and Eastern Africa.] International Atomic Energy Agency.
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* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf 南非及西非的地下水資源永續發展。] 國際原子能機構。.
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/187 Siting of Drilled Water Wells - A Guide for Project Managers] RWSN Field Note 2010-5 (Cost Effective Boreholes Series). Carter, R., Chilton, J., Danert, K. et al. RWSN. St Gallen, Switzerland 2010.
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* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/187 鑽鑿水井選址-專案經理的指南手冊] 農村供水網絡(RWSN)田野筆記 2010-5(成本效益高之鑽孔系列)。Carter, R., Chilton, J., Danert, K. et al. RWSN. St Gallen, Switzerland 2010。
  
 
<br>
 
<br>
  
===Acknowledgements===
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===感謝===
* [https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/management-groundwater-africa-including-transboundary-aquifers-implications-food#.ViVlZxCrTyI Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
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* [https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/management-groundwater-africa-including-transboundary-aquifers-implications-food#.ViVlZxCrTyI 非洲地下水管理,含跨界含水層:對於飲食安全、營生及適應氣候改變的可能影響。] 聯合國非洲經濟委員會,非洲氣候政策中心,2011。

Latest revision as of 21:11, 26 October 2015

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雨水如能順利入滲,最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法,因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。

然而,影響地下水位的高度有許多因素:地表面下的土壤及岩石型態、鄰近的蓄水池或河流,及鄰近居民抽水的頻率或總抽取水量。再者,地下水的品質也需納入考量-是否太鹹或太靠近附近的農業逕流或污水區。入滲及抽水地點須設置於水最不會被污染源影響的地方。

氣候變化因素
氣候變化會影響全球降雨量及動態溫度,因而會影響地方社區對於水的供給及需求。普遍認為提升在地面上以及地面下的儲水量是應對水文衝擊(如洪水及乾旱)的策略。


Riverbed infiltration galleries small.jpg
SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg
Subsurface harvesting systems small.jpg
Small rotary machines small.jpg
Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting small.jpg


實地經驗


Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR 473計畫
Water4Tomorrow計畫


地下水連結


感謝