Difference between revisions of "獲取地下水"

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{{Language-box|english_link=Groundwater access |french_link=L'accès aux eaux souterraines |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon}}
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雨水如能順利入滲，最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法，因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。
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然而，影響地下水位的高度有許多因素：地表面下的土壤及岩石型態、鄰近的蓄水池或河流，及鄰近居民抽水的頻率或總抽取水量。再者，地下水的品質也需納入考量－是否太鹹或太靠近附近的農業逕流或污水區。入滲及抽水地點須設置於水最不會被污染源影響的地方。
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'''氣候變化因素'''<br>
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氣候變化會影響全球降雨量及動態溫度，因而會影響地方社區對於水的供給及需求。普遍認為提升在地面上以及地面下的儲水量是應對水文衝擊（如洪水及乾旱）的策略。
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<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;"  >
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{|cellpadding="3" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|-
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed infiltration galleries small.jpg|center|100px|link=Riverbed infiltration galleries]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Springwater collection]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Subsurface harvesting systems small.jpg|center|100px|link=Subsurface harvesting systems]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Small rotary machines small.jpg|center|100px|link=Small rotary machines]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]
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|-
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed infiltration galleries|Riverbed <br> infiltration galleries]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Springwater collection|Springwater <br>collection]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Subsurface harvesting systems|Subsurface <br>harvesting systems]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Small rotary machines|Small rotary<br> machines]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|Jetting - Engine <br>powered rotary jetting]]</div>
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|}
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</div>
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<br>
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===Field experiences===
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<br>
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{|style="border: 2px solid #e0e0e0; width: 20%; text-align: justify; background-color: #e9f5fd;"  cellpadding="2"
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<!--rsr logo here-->
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|- style="vertical-align: top"
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|[[Image:akvorsr logo_lite.png|center|60px|link=http://akvo.org/products/rsr/]]
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<!--project blocks here-->
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|- style="vertical-align: bottom"
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|[[Image:project 473.jpg |thumb|center|140px|<font size="2"><center>[http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  RSR Project 473]<br>Project Water4Tomorrow</center></font>|link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/  ]]
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|}
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<br>
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===Groundwater links===
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* [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection]]
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* [http://www.indiawaterportal.org/articles/key-successfully-managing-groundwater-india The key to successfully managing groundwater in India]
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* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/Smart-solutions-3R.spread.pdf 3R Smart Solutions]
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* <font size="3">[http://www.bgs.ac.uk/africagroundwateratlas/index.cfm Africa Groundwater Literature Archive]</font>:  The Archive is a searchable database of published and unpublished groundwater literature about Africa, including reports, journal articles, conference papers and maps. Many of these documents are freely available to download; for others, a link is provided to the online abstract, or a full bibliographic reference is given where the document is not known to be available online.
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* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/en/videos/categories/displayresults/0?pattern=manual%20drilling&rpp=10&sort=0&ep=&ex= Lots of manual drilling videos]. Produced by UNICEF.
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* Arjen van der Wal, [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf UNDERSTANDING GROUNDWATER & WELLS In Manual Drilling: INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK for manual drilling teams on hydro-geology for well drilling, well installation and well development]. Practica Foundation. June 2010 (2nd Edition). French version: [http://www.practica.org/wp-content/uploads/services/publications/drilling%20manuals/FR/Understanding%20Groundwater%20%26%20Wells%20PRACTICA%20FR%20June%202010.pdf  CONNAISSANCES DES METHODES DE CAPTAGE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES: appliquées aux forages manuels].
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* [http://www.bgs.ac.uk/research/groundwater/international/africangroundwater/home.html Groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa.] Keyworth, Nottingham. British Geological Survey 2011.
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* [http://www.un-igrac.org/dynamics/modules/SFIL0100/view.php?fil_Id=135 Global Overview of Saline Groundwater Occurrence and Genesis.] IGRAC, 2009.
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* [http://www.iaea.org/technicalcooperation/documents/Brochures/sust-groundwater.pdf Sustainable Development of Groundwater Resources in  Southern and Eastern Africa.] International Atomic Energy Agency.
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* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/187 Siting of Drilled Water Wells - A Guide for Project Managers] RWSN Field Note 2010-5 (Cost Effective Boreholes Series). Carter, R., Chilton, J., Danert, K. et al. RWSN. St Gallen, Switzerland 2010.
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<br>
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===Acknowledgements===
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* [https://ccafs.cgiar.org/publications/management-groundwater-africa-including-transboundary-aquifers-implications-food#.ViVlZxCrTyI Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation.] United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.

Revision as of 06:18, 20 October 2015

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雨水如能順利入滲，最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法，因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。

然而，影響地下水位的高度有許多因素：地表面下的土壤及岩石型態、鄰近的蓄水池或河流，及鄰近居民抽水的頻率或總抽取水量。再者，地下水的品質也需納入考量－是否太鹹或太靠近附近的農業逕流或污水區。入滲及抽水地點須設置於水最不會被污染源影響的地方。

氣候變化因素
氣候變化會影響全球降雨量及動態溫度，因而會影響地方社區對於水的供給及需求。普遍認為提升在地面上以及地面下的儲水量是應對水文衝擊（如洪水及乾旱）的策略。


Riverbed infiltration galleries small.jpg
SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg
Subsurface harvesting systems small.jpg
Small rotary machines small.jpg
Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting small.jpg
Riverbed
infiltration galleries
Springwater
collection
Subsurface
harvesting systems
Small rotary
machines
Jetting - Engine
powered rotary jetting


Field experiences


Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 473
Project Water4Tomorrow


Groundwater links


Acknowledgements

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