獲取地下水
From Akvopedia
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
雨水如能順利入滲，最終即成為地下水。收集地下水是件有利的做法，因其不論雨季隨時可得、普遍來說有著高貯水容量及優良水質、對於年際氣候的適應力高、以及與替代來源相較之下擁有較低成本。
然而，影響地下水位的高度有許多因素：地表面下的土壤及岩石型態、鄰近的蓄水池或河流，及鄰近居民抽水的頻率或總抽取水量。再者，地下水的品質也需納入考量－是否太鹹或太靠近附近的農業逕流或污水區。入滲及抽水地點須設置於水最不會被污染源影響的地方。
氣候變化因素
氣候變化會影響全球降雨量及動態溫度，因而會影響地方社區對於水的供給及需求。普遍認為提升在地面上以及地面下的儲水量是應對水文衝擊（如洪水及乾旱）的策略。
實地經驗
 |
 Water4Tomorrow計畫 |
Groundwater links
- Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection
- The key to successfully managing groundwater in India
- 3R Smart Solutions
- Africa Groundwater Literature Archive: The Archive is a searchable database of published and unpublished groundwater literature about Africa, including reports, journal articles, conference papers and maps. Many of these documents are freely available to download; for others, a link is provided to the online abstract, or a full bibliographic reference is given where the document is not known to be available online.
- VIDEO: Lots of manual drilling videos. Produced by UNICEF.
- Arjen van der Wal, UNDERSTANDING GROUNDWATER & WELLS In Manual Drilling: INSTRUCTION HANDBOOK for manual drilling teams on hydro-geology for well drilling, well installation and well development. Practica Foundation. June 2010 (2nd Edition). French version: CONNAISSANCES DES METHODES DE CAPTAGE DES EAUX SOUTERRAINES: appliquées aux forages manuels.
- Groundwater resilience to climate change in Africa. Keyworth, Nottingham. British Geological Survey 2011.
- Global Overview of Saline Groundwater Occurrence and Genesis. IGRAC, 2009.
- Sustainable Development of Groundwater Resources in Southern and Eastern Africa. International Atomic Energy Agency.
- Siting of Drilled Water Wells - A Guide for Project Managers RWSN Field Note 2010-5 (Cost Effective Boreholes Series). Carter, R., Chilton, J., Danert, K. et al. RWSN. St Gallen, Switzerland 2010.
Acknowledgements
- Management of Ground Water in Africa Including Transboundary Aquifers: Implications for Food Security, Livelihood and Climate Change Adaptation. United Nations Economic Commission for Africa, African Climate Policy Centre, 2011.
