Difference between revisions of "Drilling or digging"
From Akvopedia
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link=Hand auger - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link=Hand auger - driven wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:drilling_icon.png|center|link=Percussion - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:icon_stonehammer.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:icon_stonehammer.png|center|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]] |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|130px|link=Hand auger - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|130px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|130px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|130px|link=Percussion - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|130px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]] |
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]] | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]] | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link=Jetting - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_EMAS_drilling.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_EMAS_drilling.png|center|link=Jetting - EMAS method]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=Sludging - Baptist method]] |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|130px|link=Jetting - general]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|130px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|130px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|130px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|130px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]] |
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div> | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:traditional hand dug well.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:traditional hand dug well.png|center|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration wells.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:infiltration wells.png|center|link=Infiltration wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed hand dug well.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed hand dug well.png|center|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed jetted and driven wells.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:riverbed jetted and driven wells.png|center|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]] |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Asian sludge small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Asian sludge small.jpg|center|130px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:HandDugWell small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:HandDugWell small.jpg|center|130px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|130px|link=Infiltration wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Riverbed Well small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Riverbed Well small.jpg|center|130px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetted driven well point small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetted driven well point small.jpg|center|130px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]] |
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div> | |style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div> | ||
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:rooted reservoir well.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:rooted reservoir well.png|center|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bamboo screens icon.png|center|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:bamboo screens icon.png|center|link=Bamboo screens]] |
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| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:refilled well small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:refilled well small.jpg|center|130px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]] |
| − | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Bamboo_screens small.jpg|center|130px|link= | + | |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Bamboo_screens small.jpg|center|130px|link=Bamboo screens]] |
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Revision as of 16:05, 27 May 2013
Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.
Climate change considerations
With climate change events, such as drought, some areas of groundwater may be drying up, therefore deeper boreholes and wells may need to be drilled (creating greater expense). Since some aquifers will provide less water in times of drought, perched aquifers (aquifers higher than the water table) should be avoided. Coastal aquifers may get invaded by saline waters, therefore be sure to check water quality.
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Manual drilling comparison of methods
Manual drilling links
- VIDEO: How to Professionalize the Manual Drilling Sector in Africa. Produced by UNICEF.
- Human-Powered Drilling Technologies, Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
- Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement. Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
Acknowledgements
