Difference between revisions of "Sanitation Portal"

Revision as of 14:08, 5 March 2009

This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level.

A sanitation system does not consist of a single technology described below. A complete sanitation system consists of a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, the transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page.

In addition to these technologies, the table below lists eight different complete sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex.

Sanitation technologies

Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.

User Interface	Collection and Storage/ Local Treatment	Conveyance	(semi-) Centralized Treatment	Use of Products/ Disposal
Dry Toilet Urine Diverting Dry Toilet Urinal Pour Flush Toilet Cistern Flush Toilet Urine Diverting Flush Toilet Hygiene - Tippy Tap	Storage tanks Single Pit Single Ventilated Improved Pit Double Ventilated Improved Pit Fossa Alterna Twin Pits for Pour Flush Dehydration Vaults Composting Chamber Septic Tank Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Anaerobic Filter Anaerobic Biogas Reactor	Jerrycan - tank Human-Powered Emptying and Transport Motorized Emptying and Transport Simplified Sewers Solids-free Sewer Conventional Gravity Sewer Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank) Sewer Discharge Station	Anaerobic Baffled Reactor Anaerobic Filter Waste Stabilization Pond Aerated Pond Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland Trickling Filter Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor Activated Sludge Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds Unplanted Drying Beds Planted Drying Beds Co-composting Anaerobic Biogas Reactor	Fill and Cover - Arborloo Application of Urine Application of Dehydrated Faeces Application of Compost - Eco-Humus Biogas for energy Irrigation Soak Pit Leach Field Aquaculture Ponds Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge Land Application of Sludge Surface Disposal

Sanitation systems

In this section we give an example of a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a Urine Diverting Dry Toilet connecting to Storage tanks, where the faeces are taken away through Human-Powered Emptying and Transport to be processed through Co-composting and then finally be used through Application of Compost - Eco-Humus and the Application of Urine.

Acknowledgements

• Much of the material in this section comes from the book Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies, Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). (low res version). Department of Water and Sanitation in Development Countries (Sandec) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag).
• Smart Sanitation Solutions produced in collaboration with Netherlands Water Partnership, WASTE, PRACTICA, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, SIMAWI and Partners voor Water