Difference between revisions of "Sanitation Portal"

Revision as of 02:46, 16 October 2013

This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page.

Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.

Jump to more Sanitation links and resources below.

Toilet Facilities

Collection and Storage / Local Treatment

Conveyance

(Semi-) Centralized Treatment

Use of Products / Disposal

Dry Toilet

Urine Diverting Dry Toilet

Urinal

Pour Flush Toilet

Cistern Flush Toilet

Urine Diverting Flush Toilet

Hygiene - Tippy Tap

Commercial Toilets

Storage tanks

Single Pit

Single Ventilated Improved Pit

Double Ventilated Improved Pit

Fossa Alterna

Twin Pits for Pour Flush

Dehydration Vaults

Composting Chamber

Septic Tank

Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

Anaerobic Filter

Anaerobic Biogas Reactor

Jerrycan - tank

Human-Powered Emptying and Transport

Motorized Emptying and Transport

Simplified Sewers

Solids-free Sewer

Conventional Gravity Sewer

Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank

Sewer Discharge Station

semi centralised Anaerobic Baffled Reactor

(semi-) centralised Anaerobic Filter

Waste Stabilization Pond

Aerated Pond

Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland

Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland

Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland

Trickling Filter

Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor

Activated Sludge

Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds

Unplanted Drying Beds

Planted Drying Beds

Co-composting

Anaerobic Biogas Reactor

Struvite recovery

Fill and Cover - Arborloo

Application of Urine

Application of Dehydrated Faeces

Application of Compost - Eco-Humus

Biogas for energy

Irrigation

Soak Pit

Leach Field

Aquaculture Ponds

Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond

Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge

Land Application of Sludge

Surface Disposal

Sanitation links and resources

For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called Sustainable Sanitation, by clicking the pink box below.

Sanitation systems

Example...

This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a Urine Diverting Dry Toilet connecting to Storage tanks, where the faeces are taken away through Human-Powered Emptying and Transport to be processed through Co-composting and then finally be used through Application of Compost - Eco-Humus and the Application of Urine.

The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.

1 Single Pit System

2 Waterless System with Alternating Pits

3 Pour Flush System with Twin Pits

4 Waterless System with Urine Diversion

5 Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration

6 Blackwater Treatment System with Sewerage

7 (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System

8 Sewerage System with Urine Diversion

Acknowledgements

The majority of the material in this portal was adapted from: Tilley, E. et al. (2008). Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Eawag: The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.

Currently, WASTE is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.

Smart Sanitation Solutions produced in collaboration with Netherlands Water Partnership, WASTE, PRACTICA, IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre, SIMAWI and Partners voor Water

@@ Line 17: / Line 17: @@
 |- valign="top"
 |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" |<!-- Content Column 1 starts here -->
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dry_toilet.png|alt=Dry Toilet|width=85|link=Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Dry Toilet]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_dry_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|width=85|link=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urinal.png|alt=Urinal|width=85|link=Urinal}} <br> [[Urinal]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_pour_flush_toilet.png|alt=Pour Flush Toilet|width=85|link=Pour Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Pour Flush Toilet]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_cistern_flush_toilet.png|alt=Cistern Flush Toilet|width=85|link=Cistern Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Cistern Flush Toilet]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|width=85|link=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Flush Toilet]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=TippyTap_icon.png|alt=Tippy Tap|width=85|link=Tippy Tap}} <br> [[Tippy Tap|Hygiene - Tippy Tap]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=toiletCommercial.png|alt=Commercial Toilets|width=85|link=Commercial Toilets}} <br> [[Commercial Toilets]]
 |}
@@ Line 45: / Line 45: @@
 |align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 2 starts here -->
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png|alt=Storage tank|width=85|link=Storage tanks}} <br> [[Storage tanks]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_pit.png|alt=Single Pit|width=85|link=Single Pit}} <br> [[Single Pit]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Single Ventilated Improved Pit|width=85|link=Single Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Single Ventilated Improved Pit]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_double_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Double Ventilated Improved Pit|width=85|link=Double Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fossa_alterna.png|alt=Fossa Alterna|width=85|link=Fossa Alterna}} <br> [[Fossa Alterna]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|alt=Twin Pits for Pour Flush|width=85|link=Twin Pits for Pour Flush}} <br> [[Twin Pits for Pour Flush]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dehydration_vault_2.png|alt=Dehydration Vaults|width=85|link=Dehydration Vaults}} <br> [[Dehydration Vaults]]
 |}
-    {|style="height:125px"
+    {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_composting_chamber.png|alt=Composting Chamber|width=85|link=Composting Chamber}} <br> [[Composting Chamber]]
 |}
-    {|style="height:125px"
+    {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_septic_tank_2.png|alt=Septic Tank|width=85|link=Septic Tank}} <br> [[Septic Tank]]
 |}
-    {|style="height:125px"
+    {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor|width=85|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor]]
 |}
-    {|style="height:125px"
+    {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=85|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter]]
 |}
-    {|style="height:125px"
+    {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor|width=85|link=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Anaerobic Biogas Reactor]]
 |}
@@ Line 85: / Line 85: @@
   |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 3 starts here -->
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_jerrycan_tank.png|alt=Jerrycan - tank|width=85|link=Jerrycan - tank}} <br> [[Jerrycan - tank]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|width=85|link=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Motorized Emptying and Transport|width=85|link=Motorized Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Motorized Emptying and Transport]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_simplified_sewers.png|alt=Simplified Sewers|width=85|link=Simplified Sewers}} <br> [[Simplified Sewers]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_solids_free_sewer.png|alt=Solids-free Sewer|width=85|link=Solids-free Sewer}} <br> [[Solids-free Sewer]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_conventional_gravity_sewer.png|alt=Conventional Gravity Sewer|width=85|link=Conventional Gravity Sewer}} <br> [[Conventional Gravity Sewer]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|alt=Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=85|link=Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank}} <br> [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank|Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sewer_discharge_station.png|alt=Sewer Discharge Station|width=85|link=Sewer Discharge Station}} <br> [[Sewer Discharge Station]]
 |}
@@ Line 113: / Line 113: @@
 |align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here -->
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=(semi-) centralised Anaerobic Baffled Reactor|width=85|link=semi centralised Anaerobic Baffled Reactor}} <br> [[semi centralised Anaerobic Baffled Reactor ]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=(semi-) centralised Anaerobic Filter|width=85|link=(semi-) centralised Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[(semi-) centralised Anaerobic Filter ]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Waste Stabilization Pond|width=85|link=Waste Stabilization Pond}} <br> [[Waste Stabilization Pond]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Aerated Pond|width=85|link=Aerated Pond}} <br> [[Aerated Pond]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|width=85|link=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|width=85|link=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|width=85|link=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Trickling Filter|width=85|link=Trickling Filter}} <br> [[Trickling Filter]]
 |}
-   {|style="height:125px"
+   {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|width=85|link=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor}} <br> [[Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Activated Sludge|width=85|link=Activated Sludge}} <br> [[Activated Sludge]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|width=85|link=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds}} <br> [[Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Unplanted Drying Beds|width=85|link=Unplanted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying Beds]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px"
+{|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Planted Drying Beds|width=85|link=Planted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px"
+{|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-composting|width=85|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor|width=85|link=Anaerobic Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Anaerobic Biogas Reactor]]
 |}
-  {|style="height:125px"
+  {|style="height:135px"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Struvite recovery|width=85|link=Struvite recovery}} <br> [[Struvite recovery]]
 |}
@@ Line 165: / Line 165: @@
   |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here -->
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fill_and_cover_arborloo.png|alt=Fill and Cover - Arborloo|width=85|link=Fill and Cover - Arborloo}} <br> [[Fill and Cover - Arborloo]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_urine.png|alt=Application of Urine|width=85|link=Application of Urine}} <br> [[Application of Urine]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_dehydrated_faeces.png|alt=Application of Dehydrated Faeces|width=85|link=Application of Dehydrated Faeces}} <br> [[Application of Dehydrated Faeces]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Application of Compost - Eco-Humus|width=85|link=Application of Compost - Eco-Humus}} <br> [[Application of Compost - Eco-Humus]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=biogas_as_source_of_energy_icon.jpg|alt=Biogas as source of energy|width=85|link=Biogas as source of energy}} <br> [[Biogas as source of energy|Biogas for energy]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_irrigation.png|alt=Irrigation|width=85|link=Irrigation}} <br> [[Irrigation]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_soak_pit.png|alt=Soak Pit|width=85|link=Soak Pit}} <br> [[Soak Pit]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_leach_field.png|alt=Leach Field|width=85|link=Leach Field}} <br> [[Leach Field]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aquaculture.png|alt=Aquaculture Ponds|width=85|link=Aquaculture Ponds}} <br> [[Aquaculture Ponds]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_floating_plant_macrophyte_pond.png|alt=Floating Plant - Macrophyte - Pond|width=85|link=Floating Plant - Macrophyte - Pond}} <br> [[Floating Plant - Macrophyte - Pond |Floating Plant (Macrophyte) Pond]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|alt=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|width=85|link=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge}} <br> [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_land_application_of_sludge.png|alt=Land Application of Sludge|width=85|link=Land Application of Sludge}} <br> [[Land Application of Sludge]]
 |}
-{|style="height:125px; background:#efefef"
+{|style="height:135px; background:#efefef"
 |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_surface_disposal.png|alt=Surface Disposal|width=85|link=Surface Disposal}} <br> [[Surface Disposal]]
 |}

Difference between revisions of "Sanitation Portal"

Revision as of 02:46, 16 October 2013

Sanitation links and resources

Sanitation systems

Acknowledgements

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