Difference between revisions of "Sanitation Portal"
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| − | {{Language-box|english_link=Sanitation Portal|french_link=Portail d'Hygiène|spanish_link=Portal de Saneamiento|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|korean_link=coming soon}} | + | {{Language-box|english_link=Sanitation Portal|french_link=Portail d'Hygiène|spanish_link=Portal de Saneamiento|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon|korean_link=coming soon|chinese_link=coming soon|indonesian_link=coming soon|japanese_link=coming soon}} |
[[Image:Sanitation4icons.png|right|100px]] | [[Image:Sanitation4icons.png|right|100px]] | ||
[[Image:akvopedia logo.png|right|100px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]] | [[Image:akvopedia logo.png|right|100px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]] | ||
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This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An [[#example|example]] is given at the end of this page. | This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An [[#example|example]] is given at the end of this page. | ||
| − | Below, '''sanitation technologies''' are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal. | + | Below, '''sanitation technologies''' are presented in different [[Functional Groups|functional groups]]: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal. |
| − | <font color="#454545">Jump to more [[# | + | {| style="border: none; background-color: #efefef;" cellpadding="10" |
| + | |[[Image:IRC new logo.png|center|30px|link=http://www.irc.nl/|]] | ||
| + | |<font size="3">[[IRC Sanitation RSS feed]]</font> | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | <font color="#454545">Jump to more [[#Sanitation_jump | Sanitation resources]] below.</font> | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
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|- valign="top" | |- valign="top" | ||
|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" |<!-- Content Column 1 starts here --> | |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" |<!-- Content Column 1 starts here --> | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dry_toilet.png|alt=Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Dry Toilet]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dry_toilet.png|alt=Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Dry Toilet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_dry_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Dry Toilet]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_dry_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Dry Toilet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urinal.png|alt=Urinal|width=75|link=Urinal}} <br> [[Urinal]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urinal.png|alt=Urinal|width=75|link=Urinal}} <br> [[Urinal]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_pour_flush_toilet.png|alt=Pour Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Pour Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Pour Flush Toilet]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_pour_flush_toilet.png|alt=Pour Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Pour Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Pour Flush Toilet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_cistern_flush_toilet.png|alt=Cistern Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Cistern Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Cistern Flush Toilet]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_cistern_flush_toilet.png|alt=Cistern Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Cistern Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Cistern Flush Toilet]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Flush Toilet]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Flush Toilet]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=communal latrine icon.png|alt=Communal Latrines|width=85|link=Communal Latrines}} <br> [[Communal Latrines]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=communal latrine icon.png|alt=Communal Latrines|width=85|link=Communal Latrines}} <br> [[Communal Latrines]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=toiletCommercial.png|alt=Commercial Toilets|width=85|link=Commercial Toilets}} <br> [[Commercial Toilets]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | ||
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Pour_flush_slabs_icon.jpg|alt=Pour flush slabs|width=75|link=Pour flush slabs}} <br> [[Pour flush slabs|Pour flush slabs]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | ||
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=TippyTap_icon.png|alt=Tippy Tap|width=75|link=Tippy Tap}} <br> [[Tippy Tap|Hygiene - Tippy Tap]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=TippyTap_icon.png|alt=Tippy Tap|width=75|link=Tippy Tap}} <br> [[Tippy Tap|Hygiene - Tippy Tap]] | ||
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|} | |} | ||
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|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 2 starts here --> | |align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 2 starts here --> | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png|alt=Urine Storage Tank / Container|width=75|link=Urine Storage Tank / Container}} <br> [[Urine Storage Tank / Container | Urine Storage<br>Tank / Container]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png|alt=Urine Storage Tank / Container|width=75|link=Urine Storage Tank / Container}} <br> [[Urine Storage Tank / Container | Urine Storage<br>Tank / Container]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_pit.png|alt=Single Pit|width=75|link=Single Pit}} <br> [[Single Pit]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_pit.png|alt=Single Pit|width=75|link=Single Pit}} <br> [[Single Pit]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Single Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Single Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Single Ventilated Improved Pit]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Single Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Single Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Single Ventilated Improved Pit|Single Ventilated<br>Improved Pit]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_double_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Double Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Double Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_double_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Double Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Double Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit|Double Ventilated <br>Improved Pit]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fossa_alterna.png|alt=Fossa Alterna|width=75|link=Fossa Alterna}} <br> [[Fossa Alterna]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fossa_alterna.png|alt=Fossa Alterna|width=75|link=Fossa Alterna}} <br> [[Fossa Alterna]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|alt=Twin Pits for Pour Flush|width=75|link=Twin Pits for Pour Flush}} <br> [[Twin Pits for Pour Flush]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|alt=Twin Pits for Pour Flush|width=75|link=Twin Pits for Pour Flush}} <br> [[Twin Pits for Pour Flush|Twin Pits <br>for Pour Flush]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dehydration_vault_2.png|alt=Dehydration Vaults|width=75|link=Dehydration Vaults}} <br> [[Dehydration Vaults]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dehydration_vault_2.png|alt=Dehydration Vaults|width=75|link=Dehydration Vaults}} <br> [[Dehydration Vaults]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_composting_chamber.png|alt=Composting Chamber|width=75|link=Composting Chamber}} <br> [[Composting Chamber]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_composting_chamber.png|alt=Composting Chamber|width=75|link=Composting Chamber}} <br> [[Composting Chamber]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_septic_tank_2.png|alt=Septic Tank|width=75|link=Septic Tank}} <br> [[Septic Tank]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_septic_tank_2.png|alt=Septic Tank|width=75|link=Septic Tank}} <br> [[Septic Tank]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
<!-- Content Column 2 ends here --> | <!-- Content Column 2 ends here --> | ||
| − | + | |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 3 - Conveyance- starts here --> | |
| − | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | |
| − | {|style="height: | ||
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_jerrycan_tank.png|alt=Jerrycan - tank|width=75|link=Jerrycan - tank}} <br> [[Jerrycan - tank]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_jerrycan_tank.png|alt=Jerrycan - tank|width=75|link=Jerrycan - tank}} <br> [[Jerrycan - tank]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|Human-Powered <br>Emptying and Transport]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Motorized Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Motorized Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Motorized Emptying and Transport]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Motorized Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Motorized Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Motorized Emptying and Transport|Motorized Emptying <br>and Transport]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_simplified_sewers.png|alt=Simplified Sewer|width=75|link=Simplified Sewer}} <br> [[Simplified Sewer]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_simplified_sewers.png|alt=Simplified Sewer|width=75|link=Simplified Sewer}} <br> [[Simplified Sewer]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_solids_free_sewer.png|alt=Solids-free Sewer|width=75|link=Solids-free Sewer}} <br> [[Solids-free Sewer]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_solids_free_sewer.png|alt=Solids-free Sewer|width=75|link=Solids-free Sewer}} <br> [[Solids-free Sewer]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_conventional_gravity_sewer.png|alt=Conventional Gravity Sewer|width=75|link=Conventional Gravity Sewer}} <br> [[Conventional Gravity Sewer]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_conventional_gravity_sewer.png|alt=Conventional Gravity Sewer|width=75|link=Conventional Gravity Sewer}} <br> [[Conventional Gravity Sewer|Conventional <br>Gravity Sewer]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|alt=Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=75|link=Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank}} <br> [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank|Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|alt=Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=75|link=Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank}} <br> [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank|Transfer Station - <br>Underground Holding Tank]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sewer_discharge_station.png|alt=Sewer Discharge Station|width=75|link=Sewer Discharge Station}} <br> [[Sewer Discharge Station]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sewer_discharge_station.png|alt=Sewer Discharge Station|width=75|link=Sewer Discharge Station}} <br> [[Sewer Discharge Station]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | ||
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Settled_sewerage_small_icon.jpg|alt=Settled sewerage (small diameter)|width=75|link=Settled sewerage (small diameter)}} <br> [[Settled sewerage (small diameter) | Settled sewerage<br> (small diameter)]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here --> | |align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here --> | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Pre-Treatment Technologies|width=75|link=Pre-Treatment Technologies}} <br> [[Pre-Treatment Technologies]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Pre-Treatment Technologies|width=75|link=Pre-Treatment Technologies}} <br> [[Pre-Treatment Technologies|Pre-Treatment <br>Technologies]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=settler icon.png|alt=Settler|width=75|link=Settler}} <br> [[Settler]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=settler icon.png|alt=Settler|width=75|link=Settler}} <br> [[Settler]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Imhoff icon.png|alt=Imhoff Tank|width=75|link=Imhoff Tank}} <br> [[Imhoff Tank]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Imhoff icon.png|alt=Imhoff Tank|width=75|link=Imhoff Tank}} <br> [[Imhoff Tank]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | {|style="height:145px" | |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter ]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter ]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | + | {|style="height:145px" | |
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines|width=75|link=Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines}} <br> [[Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines | Cocopeat biofilter <br>secondary treatment system]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px" | ||
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Waste Stabilization Pond|width=75|link=Waste Stabilization Pond}} <br> [[Waste Stabilization Pond]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Waste Stabilization Pond|width=75|link=Waste Stabilization Pond}} <br> [[Waste Stabilization Pond]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Aerated Pond|width=75|link=Aerated Pond}} <br> [[Aerated Pond]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Aerated Pond|width=75|link=Aerated Pond}} <br> [[Aerated Pond]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|Free-Water Surface <br>Constructed Wetland]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|Horizontal Subsurface <br>Flow Constructed Wetland]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|Vertical Flow <br>Constructed Wetland]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Trickling Filter|width=75|link=Trickling Filter}} <br> [[Trickling Filter]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Trickling Filter|width=75|link=Trickling Filter}} <br> [[Trickling Filter]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|width=75|link=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor}} <br> [[Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|width=75|link=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor}} <br> [[Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|Upflow Anaerobic <br>Sludge Blanket Reactor]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Activated Sludge|width=75|link=Activated Sludge}} <br> [[Activated Sludge]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Activated Sludge|width=75|link=Activated Sludge}} <br> [[Activated Sludge]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|width=75|link=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds}} <br> [[Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|width=75|link=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds}} <br> [[Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|Sedimentation - <br>Thickening Ponds]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Unplanted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Unplanted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying Beds]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Unplanted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Unplanted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying Beds]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Planted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Planted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Planted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Planted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-composting|width=75|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-composting|width=75|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|width=75|link=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection}} <br> [[Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|width=75|link=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection}} <br> [[Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|Tertiary Filtration <br>and Disinfection]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Struvite recovery|width=75|link=Struvite recovery}} <br> [[Struvite recovery]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Struvite recovery|width=75|link=Struvite recovery}} <br> [[Struvite recovery]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
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|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here --> | |align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here --> | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fill_and_cover_arborloo.png|alt=Fill and Cover - Arborloo|width=75|link=Fill and Cover - Arborloo}} <br> [[Fill and Cover - Arborloo]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fill_and_cover_arborloo.png|alt=Fill and Cover - Arborloo|width=75|link=Fill and Cover - Arborloo}} <br> [[Fill and Cover - Arborloo|Fill and Cover <br>- Arborloo]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_urine.png|alt=Application of Stored Urine|width=75|link=Application of Stored Urine}} <br> [[Application of Stored Urine]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_urine.png|alt=Application of Stored Urine|width=75|link=Application of Stored Urine}} <br> [[Application of Stored Urine|Application of <br>Stored Urine]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_dehydrated_faeces.png|alt=Application of Dehydrated Faeces|width=75|link=Application of Dehydrated Faeces}} <br> [[Application of Dehydrated Faeces]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_dehydrated_faeces.png|alt=Application of Dehydrated Faeces|width=75|link=Application of Dehydrated Faeces}} <br> [[Application of Dehydrated Faeces|Application of <br>Dehydrated Faeces]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Application of Pit Humus and Compost|width=75|link=Application of Pit Humus and Compost}} <br> [[Application of Pit Humus and Compost]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Application of Pit Humus and Compost|width=75|link=Application of Pit Humus and Compost}} <br> [[Application of Pit Humus and Compost|Application of Pit <br>Humus and Compost]] |
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_land_application_of_sludge.png|alt=Application of Sludge|width=75|link=Application of Sludge}} <br> [[Application of Sludge]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_land_application_of_sludge.png|alt=Application of Sludge|width=75|link=Application of Sludge}} <br> [[Application of Sludge]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_irrigation.png|alt=Irrigation|width=75|link=Irrigation}} <br> [[Irrigation]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_irrigation.png|alt=Irrigation|width=75|link=Irrigation}} <br> [[Irrigation]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_soak_pit.png|alt=Soak Pit|width=75|link=Soak Pit}} <br> [[Soak Pit]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_soak_pit.png|alt=Soak Pit|width=75|link=Soak Pit}} <br> [[Soak Pit]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_leach_field.png|alt=Leach Field|width=75|link=Leach Field}} <br> [[Leach Field]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_leach_field.png|alt=Leach Field|width=75|link=Leach Field}} <br> [[Leach Field]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aquaculture.png|alt=Fish Pond|width=75|link=Fish Pond}} <br> [[Fish Pond]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aquaculture.png|alt=Fish Pond|width=75|link=Fish Pond}} <br> [[Fish Pond]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_floating_plant_macrophyte_pond.png|alt=Floating Plant Pond|width=75|link=Floating Plant Pond}} <br> [[Floating Plant Pond | Floating Plant Pond]] | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_floating_plant_macrophyte_pond.png|alt=Floating Plant Pond|width=75|link=Floating Plant Pond}} <br> [[Floating Plant Pond | Floating Plant Pond]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|alt=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|width=75|link=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge}} <br> [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge]] | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|alt=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|width=75|link=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge}} <br> [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|Water Disposal - <br>Groundwater Recharge]] |
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | ||
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_surface_disposal.png|alt=Surface Disposal and Storage|width=75|link=Surface Disposal and Storage}} <br> [[Surface Disposal and Storage|Surface Disposal <br>and Storage]] | ||
| + | |} | ||
| + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" | ||
| + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=biogas_as_source_of_energy_icon.jpg|alt=Biogas Combustion|width=75|link=Biogas Combustion}} <br> [[Biogas Combustion|Biogas Combustion]] | ||
|} | |} | ||
| − | {|style="height: | + | {|style="height:145px; background:#efefef" |
| − | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file= | + | |align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|width=75|link=Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security}} <br> [[Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|Productive Sanitation<br> & the Link to <br>Food Security]] |
|} | |} | ||
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<br> | <br> | ||
| − | === | + | ==={{subst:anchor|Sanitation_jump}}Sanitation resources=== |
| − | [[Image:san pack.png|thumb|right|200px|Photo: [http://www. | + | [[Image:san pack.png|thumb|right|200px|Photo: [http://www.ircwash.org/ IRC]]] |
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection]] |
| + | * [[Sanitation as a Business]] | ||
| + | * [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package IRC Sanitation Pack] - IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model. The [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package materials] have been developed and used by IRC and its long-standing and more recent partners in the South and the North in some 20 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. | ||
* For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called [[Sustainable sanitation training material| Sustainable Sanitation]], by clicking the pink box below. | * For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called [[Sustainable sanitation training material| Sustainable Sanitation]], by clicking the pink box below. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
| − | [[Image:sourcebook.png|none| | + | [[Image:sourcebook.png|none|250px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation_training_material]] |
<br> | <br> | ||
===Sanitation systems === | ===Sanitation systems === | ||
| − | + | * [[Sanitation Systems & Technology Options]] | |
| + | * [[The Functional Sanitation Ladder]] | ||
| + | * [[Planning of Sustainable Sanitation for Cities]] | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ====Example==== | ||
| + | This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet]] connecting to [[Storage tanks]], where the faeces are taken away through [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport]] to be processed through [[Co-composting]] and then finally be used through [[Application of Compost - Eco-Humus]] and the [[Application of Urine]]. | ||
[[Image:sanitation_system_example.jpg]] | [[Image:sanitation_system_example.jpg]] | ||
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* Currently, [http://www.waste.nl WASTE] is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future. | * Currently, [http://www.waste.nl WASTE] is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future. | ||
| − | * [http://www. | + | * [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/SSS_2006.pdf Smart Sanitation Solutions] produced in collaboration with [http://www.nwp.nl Netherlands Water Partnership], [http://www.waste.nl WASTE], [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ PRACTICA], [http://www.ircwash.org/ IRC], [http://www.simavi.org SIMAVI] and [http://www.partnersvoorwater.nl/ Partners voor Water] |
Latest revision as of 23:54, 12 July 2020
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This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page.
Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.
 |
IRC Sanitation RSS feed |
Jump to more Sanitation resources below.
Contents
Field experiences
These projects are utilizing sanitation techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on Akvo.org.
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 Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau |
 Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood |
 Scanning and Mapping the WASH Situation |
 WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia |
 Cost effective means of financing WASH | ||
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 Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities |
 Northern Region WASH Programme |
 Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenya |
 Implementing an IWRM process in Mashuru |
 Improving Communal Health Through WASH | ||
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 Eau, hygiène et assainissement |
 WASH in Gorkha and Baglung |
 WASH Sustainability through Women Led MFI |
 SWASH in Birendranagar, Surkhet |
 Community-based WASH Project in Nepal | ||
{{subst:anchor|Sanitation_jump}}Sanitation resources
Photo: IRC
- Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection
- Sanitation as a Business
- IRC Sanitation Pack - IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model. The materials have been developed and used by IRC and its long-standing and more recent partners in the South and the North in some 20 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
- For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called Sustainable Sanitation, by clicking the pink box below.
Sanitation systems
- Sanitation Systems & Technology Options
- The Functional Sanitation Ladder
- Planning of Sustainable Sanitation for Cities
Example
This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a Urine Diverting Dry Toilet connecting to Storage tanks, where the faeces are taken away through Human-Powered Emptying and Transport to be processed through Co-composting and then finally be used through Application of Compost - Eco-Humus and the Application of Urine.
The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.
| 1 Single Pit System | 2 Waterless System with Alternating Pits | 3 Pour Flush Pit System without Sludge Production | 4 Waterless System with Urine Diversion | 5 Biogas System | 6 Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration | 7 Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport | 8 Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System | 9 Sewerage System with Urine Diversion |
Acknowledgements
- The majority of the material in this portal was adapted from: Tilley, E. et al. (2008). Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies. Eawag: The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
- Currently, WASTE is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.
- Smart Sanitation Solutions produced in collaboration with Netherlands Water Partnership, WASTE, PRACTICA, IRC, SIMAVI and Partners voor Water
