Difference between revisions of "Sanitation Portal"

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The sanitation portal illustrates a selection of smart sanitation technologies. We are working on making this portal comprehensive and contain full explanations on how to implement these technologies. In the meantime we hope the site can be a source of inspiration for those who are trying to improve sanitation conditions.
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{{Language-box|english_link=Sanitation Portal|french_link=Portail d'Hygiène|spanish_link=Portal de Saneamiento|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon|korean_link=coming soon|chinese_link=coming soon|indonesian_link=coming soon|japanese_link=coming soon}}
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[[Image:Sanitation4icons.png|right|100px]]
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[[Image:akvopedia logo.png|right|100px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Main_Page]]
  
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{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0"
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This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An [[#example|example]] is given at the end of this page.
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| valign="top" align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| <b>Toilets</b>
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| align="center" | <b>Collection</b>
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Below, '''sanitation technologies''' are presented in different [[Functional Groups|functional groups]]: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| <b>Transportation</b>
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| align="center" | <b>Treatment</b>
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{| style="border: none; background-color: #efefef;" cellpadding="10"
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| <b>Use of products</b>
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|[[Image:IRC new logo.png|center|30px|link=http://www.irc.nl/|]]
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|-
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|<font size="3">[[IRC Sanitation RSS feed]]</font>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=Dry_toilet_icon.jpg|alt=Dry toilet]|width=91|link=Dry toilet}} <br> [[Dry toilet]]
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|}
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=fossa_alterna_icon.jpg|alt=Fossa alterna|width=91|link=Fossa alterna}} <br> [[Fossa alterna]]
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<font color="#454545">Jump to more [[#Sanitation_jump | Sanitation resources]] below.</font>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=cartage_systems_icon.jpg|alt=Cartage system|width=91|link=Cartage system}} <br> [[Cartage system]]
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=co-composting_icon.jpg|alt=Co-composting|width=91|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]]
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<br>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=compost_as_soil_conditioner_icon.jpg|alt=Compost soil conditioner|width=91|link=Compost as soil conditioner}} <br> [[Compost as soil conditioner|Compost soil conditioner]]
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{| border="0" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
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|-
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!style="background:#efefef;"| <font size="3">Toilet Facilities</font>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=Dry_urine_diversion_toilet_icon.jpg|alt=Dry urine diversion toilet|width=91|link=Dry urine diversion toilet}} <br> [[Dry urine diversion toilet]]
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! <font size="3">Collection and Storage / Local Treatment</font>
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=oil_drums_and_containers_icon.jpg|alt=Oil drums and containers|width=91|link=Oil drums and containers}} <br> [[Oil drums and containers]]
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!style="background:#efefef;"| <font size="3">Conveyance</font>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=mapet_and_vacutug_system_icon.jpg|alt=MAPET and Vacutug|width=91|link=MAPET and Vacutug system}} <br> [[MAPET and Vacutug system|MAPET and Vacutug]]
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! <font size="3">(Semi-) Centralized Treatment</font>
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=dehydration_icon.jpg|alt=Dehydration|width=91|link=Dehydration}} <br> [[Dehydration]]
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!style="background:#efefef;"| <font size="3">Use of Products / Disposal</font>
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=human_urine_as_fertiliser_icon.jpg|alt=Human urine as fertiliser|width=91|link=Human urine as fertiliser}} <br> [[Human urine as fertiliser]]
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|- valign="top"
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|-
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|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;" |<!-- Content Column 1 starts here -->
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=pour_flush_slabs_icon.jpg|alt=Pour flush slabs|width=91|link=Pour flush slabs}} <br> [[Pour flush slabs]]
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=vaults_and_chambers_icon.jpg|alt=Vaults and chambers|width=91|link=Vaults and chambers}} <br> [[Vaults and chambers]]
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dry_toilet.png|alt=Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Dry Toilet]]
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=settled_sewerage_small_icon.jpg|alt=Settled sewerage (small diameter)|width=91|link=Settled sewerage (small diameter)}} <br> [[Settled sewerage (small diameter)|Settled sewerage]]
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|}
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=planted_soil_filter_icon.jpg|alt=Planted soil filter|width=91|link=Planted soil filter}} <br> [[Planted soil filter]]
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=biogas_as_source_of_energy_icon.jpg|alt=Biogas as source of energy|width=91|link=Biogas as source of energy}} <br> [[Biogas as source of energy|Biogas for energy]]
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_dry_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Dry Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Dry Toilet]]
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|-
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|}
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| {{Icon|file=waterless_urinal_icon.jpg|alt=Waterless urinals|width=91|link=Waterless urinals}} <br> [[Waterless urinals]]
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=Aqua_privy.jpg|alt=Aqua privy|width=91|link=Aqua privy}} <br> [[Aqua privy]]
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urinal.png|alt=Urinal|width=75|link=Urinal}} <br> [[Urinal]]
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| &nbsp;
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|}
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| align="center" | {{Icon|file=anaerobic_digestion_icon.jpg|alt=Anaerobic digestion|width=91|link=Anaerobic digestion}}<br> [[Anaerobic digestion]]
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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| align="center" style="background:#efefef;"| &nbsp;
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_pour_flush_toilet.png|alt=Pour Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Pour Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Pour Flush Toilet]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_cistern_flush_toilet.png|alt=Cistern Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Cistern Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Cistern Flush Toilet]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|alt=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|width=75|link=Urine Diverting Flush Toilet}} <br> [[Urine Diverting Flush Toilet|Urine Diverting <br>Flush Toilet]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=communal latrine icon.png|alt=Communal Latrines|width=85|link=Communal Latrines}} <br> [[Communal Latrines]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=toiletCommercial.png|alt=Commercial Toilets|width=85|link=Commercial Toilets}} <br> [[Commercial Toilets]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Pour_flush_slabs_icon.jpg|alt=Pour flush slabs|width=75|link=Pour flush slabs}} <br> [[Pour flush slabs|Pour flush slabs]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=TippyTap_icon.png|alt=Tippy Tap|width=75|link=Tippy Tap}} <br> [[Tippy Tap|Hygiene - Tippy Tap]]
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|}
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<!-- Content Column 1 ends here -->
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|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 2 starts here -->
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_urine_storage_tank_container.png|alt=Urine Storage Tank / Container|width=75|link=Urine Storage Tank / Container}} <br> [[Urine Storage Tank / Container | Urine Storage<br>Tank / Container]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_pit.png|alt=Single Pit|width=75|link=Single Pit}} <br> [[Single Pit]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_single_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Single Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Single Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Single Ventilated Improved Pit|Single Ventilated<br>Improved Pit]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_double_ventilated_improved_pit.png|alt=Double Ventilated Improved Pit|width=75|link=Double Ventilated Improved Pit}} <br> [[Double Ventilated Improved Pit|Double Ventilated <br>Improved Pit]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fossa_alterna.png|alt=Fossa Alterna|width=75|link=Fossa Alterna}} <br> [[Fossa Alterna]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_twin_pits_for_pour_flush.png|alt=Twin Pits for Pour Flush|width=75|link=Twin Pits for Pour Flush}} <br> [[Twin Pits for Pour Flush|Twin Pits <br>for Pour Flush]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_dehydration_vault_2.png|alt=Dehydration Vaults|width=75|link=Dehydration Vaults}} <br> [[Dehydration Vaults]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_composting_chamber.png|alt=Composting Chamber|width=75|link=Composting Chamber}} <br> [[Composting Chamber]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_septic_tank_2.png|alt=Septic Tank|width=75|link=Septic Tank}} <br> [[Septic Tank]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]]
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|}
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  <!-- Content Column 2 ends here -->
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|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 3 - Conveyance- starts here -->
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_jerrycan_tank.png|alt=Jerrycan - tank|width=75|link=Jerrycan - tank}} <br> [[Jerrycan - tank]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_human_powered_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Human-Powered Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport|Human-Powered <br>Emptying and Transport]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_motorized_emptying_and_transport.png|alt=Motorized Emptying and Transport|width=75|link=Motorized Emptying and Transport}} <br> [[Motorized Emptying and Transport|Motorized Emptying <br>and Transport]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_simplified_sewers.png|alt=Simplified Sewer|width=75|link=Simplified Sewer}} <br> [[Simplified Sewer]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_solids_free_sewer.png|alt=Solids-free Sewer|width=75|link=Solids-free Sewer}} <br> [[Solids-free Sewer]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_conventional_gravity_sewer.png|alt=Conventional Gravity Sewer|width=75|link=Conventional Gravity Sewer}} <br> [[Conventional Gravity Sewer|Conventional <br>Gravity Sewer]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_transfer_station_underground_holding_tank.png|alt=Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)|width=75|link=Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank}} <br> [[Transfer Station - Underground Holding Tank|Transfer Station - <br>Underground Holding Tank]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sewer_discharge_station.png|alt=Sewer Discharge Station|width=75|link=Sewer Discharge Station}} <br> [[Sewer Discharge Station]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Settled_sewerage_small_icon.jpg|alt=Settled sewerage (small diameter)|width=75|link=Settled sewerage (small diameter)}} <br> [[Settled sewerage (small diameter) | Settled sewerage<br> (small diameter)]]
 
|}
 
|}
  
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== Sanitation system ==
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<!-- Content Column 3 ends here -->
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The techiques described in this section, according to the elements above make up entire sanitation systems. The following is an example of this. reading the icons from the left to the right we have a [[Dry urine diversion toilet]] connecting to [[Oil drums and containers]] system, where the feces are taken away via a [[Cartage system]] to be broken down via [[Co-composting]] and then finally be used through [[Compost as soil conditioner]] and the [[Human urine as fertiliser]].
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|align="center" width="20%" | <!-- Content Column 4 starts here -->
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Pre-Treatment Technologies|width=75|link=Pre-Treatment Technologies}} <br> [[Pre-Treatment Technologies|Pre-Treatment <br>Technologies]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=settler icon.png|alt=Settler|width=75|link=Settler}} <br> [[Settler]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Imhoff icon.png|alt=Imhoff Tank|width=75|link=Imhoff Tank}} <br> [[Imhoff Tank]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_baffled_reactor.png|alt=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|width=75|link=Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)}} <br> [[Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)|Anaerobic Baffled <br>Reactor (ABR)]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Anaerobic Filter|width=75|link=Anaerobic Filter}} <br> [[Anaerobic Filter ]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines|width=75|link=Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines}} <br> [[Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines | Cocopeat biofilter <br>secondary treatment system]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_waste_stabilization_ponds.png|alt=Waste Stabilization Pond|width=75|link=Waste Stabilization Pond}} <br> [[Waste Stabilization Pond]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aerated_pond.png|alt=Aerated Pond|width=75|link=Aerated Pond}} <br> [[Aerated Pond]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_free-water_surface_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland|Free-Water Surface <br>Constructed Wetland]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_horizontal_subsurface_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland|Horizontal Subsurface <br>Flow Constructed Wetland]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_vertical_flow_constructed_wetland.png|alt=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|width=75|link=Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland}} <br> [[Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland|Vertical Flow <br>Constructed Wetland]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_trickling_filter.png|alt=Trickling Filter|width=75|link=Trickling Filter}} <br> [[Trickling Filter]]
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|}
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  {|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_upflow_anaerobic_sludge_blanket_reactor.png|alt=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|width=75|link=Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor}} <br> [[Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor|Upflow Anaerobic <br>Sludge Blanket Reactor]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_activated_sludge.png|alt=Activated Sludge|width=75|link=Activated Sludge}} <br> [[Activated Sludge]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png|alt=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|width=75|link=Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds}} <br> [[Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds|Sedimentation - <br>Thickening Ponds]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_unplanted_drying_beds.png|alt=Unplanted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Unplanted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Unplanted Drying Beds]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_planted_drying_beds.png|alt=Planted Drying Beds|width=75|link=Planted Drying Beds}} <br> [[Planted Drying Beds]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_co-composting.png|alt=Co-composting|width=75|link=Co-composting}} <br> [[Co-composting]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Biogas Reactor|width=75|link=Biogas Reactor}} <br> [[Biogas Reactor]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_filter.png|alt=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|width=75|link=Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection}} <br> [[Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection|Tertiary Filtration <br>and Disinfection]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_anaerobic_biogas_reactor.png|alt=Struvite recovery|width=75|link=Struvite recovery}} <br> [[Struvite recovery]]
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|}
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|align="center" width="20%" style="background:#efefef;"| <!-- Content Column 5 starts here -->
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_fill_and_cover_arborloo.png|alt=Fill and Cover - Arborloo|width=75|link=Fill and Cover - Arborloo}} <br> [[Fill and Cover - Arborloo|Fill and Cover <br>- Arborloo]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_urine.png|alt=Application of Stored Urine|width=75|link=Application of Stored Urine}} <br> [[Application of Stored Urine|Application of <br>Stored Urine]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_dehydrated_faeces.png|alt=Application of Dehydrated Faeces|width=75|link=Application of Dehydrated Faeces}} <br> [[Application of Dehydrated Faeces|Application of <br>Dehydrated Faeces]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Application of Pit Humus and Compost|width=75|link=Application of Pit Humus and Compost}} <br> [[Application of Pit Humus and Compost|Application of Pit <br>Humus and Compost]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_land_application_of_sludge.png|alt=Application of Sludge|width=75|link=Application of Sludge}} <br> [[Application of Sludge]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_irrigation.png|alt=Irrigation|width=75|link=Irrigation}} <br> [[Irrigation]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_soak_pit.png|alt=Soak Pit|width=75|link=Soak Pit}} <br> [[Soak Pit]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_leach_field.png|alt=Leach Field|width=75|link=Leach Field}} <br> [[Leach Field]]
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|}
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{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
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|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_aquaculture.png|alt=Fish Pond|width=75|link=Fish Pond}} <br> [[Fish Pond]]
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|}
 +
{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
 +
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_floating_plant_macrophyte_pond.png|alt=Floating Plant Pond|width=75|link=Floating Plant Pond}} <br> [[Floating Plant Pond | Floating Plant Pond]]
 +
|}
 +
{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
 +
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_water_disposal_groundwater_recharge.png|alt=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|width=75|link=Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge}} <br> [[Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge|Water Disposal - <br>Groundwater Recharge]]
 +
|}
 +
{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
 +
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_surface_disposal.png|alt=Surface Disposal and Storage|width=75|link=Surface Disposal and Storage}} <br> [[Surface Disposal and Storage|Surface Disposal <br>and Storage]]
 +
|}
 +
{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
 +
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=biogas_as_source_of_energy_icon.jpg|alt=Biogas Combustion|width=75|link=Biogas Combustion}} <br> [[Biogas Combustion|Biogas Combustion]]
 +
|}
 +
{|style="height:145px; background:#efefef"
 +
|align="center" valign="top"| {{Icon|file=Icon_application_of_compost_eco_humus.png|alt=Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|width=75|link=Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security}} <br> [[Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security|Productive Sanitation<br> & the Link to <br>Food Security]]
 +
|}
 +
<!-- Content Column 5 ends here -->
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Field experiences===
 +
These projects are utilizing sanitation techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
 +
 
 +
 
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=project 107.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/107/ |1project#=107 |1project name=Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau|
 +
|2image=project 600.jpg |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/600/ |2project#=600 |2project name=Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood|
 +
|3image=project 830.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/830/ |3project#=830 |3project name=Scanning and Mapping the WASH Situation|
 +
|4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia |
 +
|5image=project 351.jpg |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/351/ |5project#=351 |5project name=Cost effective means of financing WASH |
 +
}}
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=project 459.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/459/ |1project#=459 |1project name=Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities |
 +
|2image=project 462.jpg |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/462/ |2project#=462 |2project name=Northern Region WASH Programme |
 +
|3image=project 386.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/386/ |3project#=386 |3project name=Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenya |
 +
|4image=project 469.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/469/ |4project#=469 |4project name=Implementing an IWRM process in Mashuru |
 +
|5image=project 361.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/361/ |5project#=361 |5project name=Improving Communal Health Through WASH |
 +
}}
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=project 401.jpg |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |1project#=401 |1project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement |
 +
|2image=project 364.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/364/ |2project#=364 |2project name=WASH in Gorkha and Baglung |
 +
|3image=project 366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/366/ |3project#=366 |3project name=WASH Sustainability through Women Led MFI |
 +
|4image=project 367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/367/ |4project#=367 |4project name=SWASH in Birendranagar, Surkhet |
 +
|5image=project 488.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/488/ |5project#=488 |5project name=Community-based WASH Project in Nepal|
 +
}}
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
==={{subst:anchor|Sanitation_jump}}Sanitation resources===
 +
[[Image:san pack.png|thumb|right|200px|Photo: [http://www.ircwash.org/ IRC]]]
 +
* [[Sustainable Sanitation & Groundwater Protection]]
 +
* [[Sanitation as a Business]]
 +
* [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package IRC Sanitation Pack] - IRC Sanitation Pack, SanPack for short, contains an overview of available methods, techniques and tools in a low-cost, non-sewered sanitation service model. The [http://www.ircwash.org/news/sanitation-reference-package materials] have been developed and used by IRC and its long-standing and more recent partners in the South and the North in some 20 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America.
 +
 
 +
* For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called [[Sustainable sanitation training material| Sustainable Sanitation]], by clicking the pink box below.
 +
 +
<br>
 +
[[Image:sourcebook.png|none|250px|link=http://akvopedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_sanitation_training_material]]
 +
 
 +
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Sanitation systems ===
 +
* [[Sanitation Systems & Technology Options]]
 +
* [[The Functional Sanitation Ladder]]
 +
* [[Planning of Sustainable Sanitation for Cities]]
 +
 
 +
 
 +
====Example====
 +
This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a [[Urine Diverting Dry Toilet]] connecting to [[Storage tanks]], where the faeces are taken away through [[Human-Powered Emptying and Transport]] to be processed through [[Co-composting]] and then finally be used through [[Application of Compost - Eco-Humus]] and the [[Application of Urine]].
  
 
[[Image:sanitation_system_example.jpg]]
 
[[Image:sanitation_system_example.jpg]]
  
 +
The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.
 +
{| border="1" cellpadding="4" cellspacing="2" style="background:#f5faff"
 +
| '''1''' [[Single Pit System]]
 +
| '''2''' [[Waterless System with Alternating Pits]]
 +
| '''3''' [[Pour Flush Pit System without Sludge Production]]
 +
| '''4''' [[Waterless System with Urine Diversion]]
 +
| '''5''' [[Biogas System]]
 +
| '''6''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration]]
 +
| '''7''' [[Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport]]
 +
| '''8''' [[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System]]
 +
| '''9''' [[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion]]
 +
|}
 +
 +
<br>
 +
 +
=== Acknowledgements ===
 +
* The majority of the material in this portal was adapted from: Tilley, E. et al. (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies]. Eawag: The Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology, Dübendorf, Switzerland.
  
−
== Aknowledgements ==
+
* Currently, [http://www.waste.nl WASTE] is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.
  
−
Much of the material in this section comes from the book [http://www.irc.nl/page/28448 Smart Sanitation Solutions] produced in collaboration with [http://www.nwp.nl Netherlands Water Partnership], [http://www.waste.nl WASTE], [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ PRACTICA], [http://www.irc.nl IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre], SIMAWI and [http://www.partnersforwater.nl/ Partners voor Water]
+
* [http://www.nwp.nl/_docs/SSS_2006.pdf Smart Sanitation Solutions] produced in collaboration with [http://www.nwp.nl Netherlands Water Partnership], [http://www.waste.nl WASTE], [http://www.practicafoundation.nl/ PRACTICA], [http://www.ircwash.org/ IRC], [http://www.simavi.org SIMAVI] and [http://www.partnersvoorwater.nl/ Partners voor Water]

Latest revision as of 23:54, 12 July 2020

English Français Español भारत മലയാളം தமிழ் 한국어 中國 Indonesia Japanese
Sanitation4icons.png
Akvopedia logo.png

This portal describes sanitation technologies which can be applied from the household level to the village level. A complete sanitation system does not consist of only one technology, but rather a chain of technologies, each taking care of a specific function, such as the toilet, transportation, and treatment. Each technology below is dedicated to one particular function in this chain. An example is given at the end of this page.

Below, sanitation technologies are presented in different functional groups: User interface (Toilets, urinals, handwashing), Collection and Storage / Local Treatment, Conveyance, (semi-) Centralized Treatment, and Use of products / disposal.

IRC new logo.png
 IRC Sanitation RSS feed

Jump to more Sanitation resources below.


Toilet Facilities Collection and Storage / Local Treatment Conveyance (Semi-) Centralized Treatment Use of Products / Disposal
Dry Toilet
Dry Toilet
Urine Diverting Dry Toilet
Urine Diverting
Dry Toilet
Urinal
Urinal
Pour Flush Toilet
Pour Flush Toilet
Cistern Flush Toilet
Cistern Flush Toilet
Urine Diverting Flush Toilet
Urine Diverting
Flush Toilet
Communal Latrines
Communal Latrines
Commercial Toilets
Commercial Toilets
Pour flush slabs
Pour flush slabs
Tippy Tap
Hygiene - Tippy Tap


Urine Storage Tank / Container
Urine Storage
Tank / Container
Single Pit
Single Pit
Single Ventilated Improved Pit
Single Ventilated
Improved Pit
Double Ventilated Improved Pit
Double Ventilated
Improved Pit
Fossa Alterna
Fossa Alterna
Twin Pits for Pour Flush
Twin Pits
for Pour Flush
Dehydration Vaults
Dehydration Vaults
Composting Chamber
Composting Chamber
Septic Tank
Septic Tank
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Anaerobic Baffled
Reactor (ABR)
Anaerobic Filter
Anaerobic Filter
Biogas Reactor
Biogas Reactor
Jerrycan - tank
Jerrycan - tank
Human-Powered Emptying and Transport
Human-Powered
Emptying and Transport
Motorized Emptying and Transport
Motorized Emptying
and Transport
Simplified Sewer
Simplified Sewer
Solids-free Sewer
Solids-free Sewer
Conventional Gravity Sewer
Conventional
Gravity Sewer
Transfer Station (Underground Holding Tank)
Transfer Station -
Underground Holding Tank
Sewer Discharge Station
Sewer Discharge Station
Settled sewerage (small diameter)
Settled sewerage
(small diameter)


Pre-Treatment Technologies
Pre-Treatment
Technologies
Settler
Settler
Imhoff Tank
Imhoff Tank
Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR)
Anaerobic Baffled
Reactor (ABR)
Anaerobic Filter
Anaerobic Filter
Cocopeat biofilter secondary treatment system - School wastewater story from Philippines
Cocopeat biofilter
secondary treatment system
Waste Stabilization Pond
Waste Stabilization Pond
Aerated Pond
Aerated Pond
Free-Water Surface Constructed Wetland
Free-Water Surface
Constructed Wetland
Horizontal Subsurface Flow Constructed Wetland
Horizontal Subsurface
Flow Constructed Wetland
Vertical Flow Constructed Wetland
Vertical Flow
Constructed Wetland
Trickling Filter
Trickling Filter
Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
Upflow Anaerobic
Sludge Blanket Reactor
Activated Sludge
Activated Sludge
Sedimentation - Thickening Ponds
Sedimentation -
Thickening Ponds
Unplanted Drying Beds
Unplanted Drying Beds
Planted Drying Beds
Planted Drying Beds
Co-composting
Co-composting
Biogas Reactor
Biogas Reactor
Tertiary Filtration and Disinfection
Tertiary Filtration
and Disinfection
Struvite recovery
Struvite recovery


Fill and Cover - Arborloo
Fill and Cover
- Arborloo
Application of Stored Urine
Application of
Stored Urine
Application of Dehydrated Faeces
Application of
Dehydrated Faeces
Application of Pit Humus and Compost
Application of Pit
Humus and Compost
Application of Sludge
Application of Sludge
Irrigation
Irrigation
Soak Pit
Soak Pit
Leach Field
Leach Field
Fish Pond
Fish Pond
Floating Plant Pond
Floating Plant Pond
Water Disposal - Groundwater Recharge
Water Disposal -
Groundwater Recharge
Surface Disposal and Storage
Surface Disposal
and Storage
Biogas Combustion
Biogas Combustion
Productive Sanitation & the Link to Food Security
Productive Sanitation
& the Link to
Food Security


Field experiences

These projects are utilizing sanitation techniques and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on Akvo.org.


Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 107
Rainwater harvesting in Guinee Bissau
RSR Project 600
Community-led WASH and Safe Motherhood
RSR Project 830
Scanning and Mapping the WASH Situation
RSR Project 388
WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia
RSR Project 351
Cost effective means of financing WASH
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 459
Upscaling CLTS for Healthy Communities
RSR Project 462
Northern Region WASH Programme
RSR Project 386
Scaling-up using CLTS in Kenya
RSR Project 469
Implementing an IWRM process in Mashuru
RSR Project 361
Improving Communal Health Through WASH
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 401
Eau, hygiène et assainissement
RSR Project 364
WASH in Gorkha and Baglung
RSR Project 366
WASH Sustainability through Women Led MFI
RSR Project 367
SWASH in Birendranagar, Surkhet
RSR Project 488
Community-based WASH Project in Nepal


{{subst:anchor|Sanitation_jump}}Sanitation resources

Photo: IRC
  • For a helpful sourcebook in the training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector, browse or download the set of animated PowerPoints called Sustainable Sanitation, by clicking the pink box below.


Sourcebook.png


Sanitation systems


Example

This is a complete sanitation system, which consists of a chain of technologies. Reading the icons in the illustration below from the left to the right we have a Urine Diverting Dry Toilet connecting to Storage tanks, where the faeces are taken away through Human-Powered Emptying and Transport to be processed through Co-composting and then finally be used through Application of Compost - Eco-Humus and the Application of Urine.

Sanitation system example.jpg

The table below lists eight different examples of sanitation systems, going from very simple to more complex. Of course, many other systems are possible, depending on the local context.

1 Single Pit System 2 Waterless System with Alternating Pits 3 Pour Flush Pit System without Sludge Production 4 Waterless System with Urine Diversion 5 Biogas System 6 Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration 7 Blackwater Treatment System with Effluent Transport 8 Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System 9 Sewerage System with Urine Diversion


Acknowledgements

  • Currently, WASTE is working on a Sanitation Decision Support tool, which will be integrated in this portal in the near future.
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