Difference between revisions of "Drilling or digging"

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{{Language-box|english_link=Drilling or digging |french_link=Forage ou excavation |spanish_link=Coming soon|hindi_link=Coming soon|malayalam_link=Coming soon|tamil_link=Coming soon | korean_link=Coming soon | chinese_link=钻井或挖掘井 | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}
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Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.
 
Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.
  
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<div style=" background-color: #efefef; text-align: center; -moz-border-radius: 2px; -webkit-border-radius: 2px; border: 5px solid #dedede; padding: 5px;"  >
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{|cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" width="100%"
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|-
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - general]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - Vonder rig]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|100px|link=Hand auger - driven wells]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|100px|link=Percussion drilling]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|100px|link=Percussion - Stone hammer]]
 +
|-
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]]</div>
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - Vonder rig]]</div>
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - driven wells|Hand auger -<br>driven wells]]</div>
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion drilling]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - Stone hammer| Percussion -<br>Stone hammer]]</div>
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
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|-
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
 
|-
 
|-
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! Manual drilling
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - general]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Emas drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - EMAS method]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|100px|link=Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Rota_sludge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Rota sludge]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Baptist method]]
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling_icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_general]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div>
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|[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling_icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_Vonder_rig]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - EMAS method]]</div>
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|[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling_icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_driven_wells]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting|Jetting - Engine<br>powered rotary jetting]]</div>
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|[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling_icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Percussion_-_general]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Rota sludge]]</div>
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|[[Image:94px-Icon_stonehammer.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Percussion_-_Stone_hammer]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Baptist method]]</div>
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Image:Auger_drilling.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_general]]
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|[[Image:Vonder_rig.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_Vonder_rig]]
 
−
|[[Image:Point_and_well.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Hand_auger_-_driven_wells]]
 
−
|[[Image:Percussion_drilling.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Percussion_-_general]]
 
−
|[[Image:Stone_hammer_well drilling.PNG|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Percussion_-_Stone_hammer]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - general]]
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - Vonder rig]]
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Hand auger - driven wells]]
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion - general]]
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Percussion_-_Stone_hammer|Percussion - <br>Stone hammer]]</div>
 
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Image:infiltration wells.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Infiltration_wells]]
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
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|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_general]]
 
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|[[Image:Icon_EMAS_drilling.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_EMAS_method]]
 
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|[[Image:Jetting icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_Engine_powered_rotary_jetting]]
 
−
|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Rota_sludge]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
 
+
|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Asian sludge small.jpg|center|100px|link=Sludging - Asian sludge]]
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|[[Image:Infiltration_Well.JPG|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Infiltration_wells]]  
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:HandDugWell small.jpg|center|100px|link=Traditional hand-dug wells]]
−
|[[Image:Manually_rotated jetting.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_general]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Infiltration_well small.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells]]  
−
|[[Image:Emas drilling.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_EMAS_method]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Riverbed Well small.jpg|center|100px|link=Riverbed hand-dug wells]]
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|[[Image:jetting engine small.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Jetting_-_Engine_powered_rotary_jetting]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:jetted driven well point small.jpg|center|100px|link=Riverbed jetted and driven wells]]
−
|[[Image:Rota_sludge.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Rota_sludge]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Infiltration wells]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div>
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|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - general]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Traditional hand-dug wells]]</div>
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|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - EMAS method]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Groundwater recharge / Infiltration wells | Infiltration wells]]</div>
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|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Jetting - Engine powered rotary jetting]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed hand-dug wells]]</div>
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|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Rota sludge]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed jetted and driven wells|Riverbed jetted <br>and driven wells]]</div>
 
|-
 
|-
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|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Baptist_method]]
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
−
|[[Image:Icon_sludge.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Asian_sludge]]
 
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|[[Image:traditional hand dug well.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Dug_wells]]
 
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|[[Image:riverbed hand dug well.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Riverbed_hand-dug_wells]]
 
−
|[[Image:riverbed jetted and driven wells.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Riverbed_jetted_and_driven_wells]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Image:Baptist drilling small.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Baptist_method]]
+
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#DEDEDE;"|
−
|[[Image:Asian sludge.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Sludging_-_Asian_sludge]]
 
−
|[[Image:HandDugWell.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Dug_wells]]
 
−
|[[Image:Riverbed Well.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Riverbed_hand-dug_wells]]
 
−
|[[Image:jetted driven well point.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Riverbed_jetted_and_driven_wells]]
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Baptist method]]</div>
+
|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Sludging - Asian sludge]]</div>
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Traditional hand-dug wells]]</div>
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed hand-dug wells]]</div>
 
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Riverbed_jetted_and_driven_wells|Riverbed jetted <br>and driven wells]]</div>
 
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Image:rooted reservoir well.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Rooted_Reservoir_Well]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:refilled well small.jpg|center|100px|link=Rooted Reservoir Well]]
−
|[[Image:bamboo screens icon.png|center|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Bamboo_screens]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Bamboo_screens small.jpg|center|100px|link=Bamboo screens]]
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|[[Image:refilled well.jpg|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Rooted_Reservoir_Well]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Rooted Reservoir Well]]</div>
−
|[[Image:Bamboo_screens short.PNG|center|150px|link=http://akvo.org/wiki/index.php/Bamboo_screens]]
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|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bamboo screens]]</div>
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|style="background:#efefef;"|
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|
 +
|style="background:#efefef;"|
 
|-
 
|-
−
|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Rooted Reservoir Well]]</div>
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|colspan="5" style="background-color:#efefef;"|
−
||<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Bamboo screens]]</div>
 
 
|}
 
|}
 +
</div>
 +
 +
<br>
 +
===Field experiences===
 +
These projects may be utilizing manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in [http://akvo.org/blog/akvo-really-simple-reporting-rsp/ Really Simple Reporting (RSR)] on [http://www.akvo.org Akvo.org].
  
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=rsr 703.jpg|1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/703/ |1project#=703|1project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Mexico|
 +
|2image=rsr 727.jpg|2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/727/|2project#=727|2project name=TESO North School and Community WASH Project|
 +
|3image=rsr 397.jpg|3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/397/ |3project#=397|3project name=Eau Hygiène et Assainissement|
 +
|4image=rsr 401.jpg|4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/401/ |4project#=401|4project name=Eau, hygiène et assainissement|
 +
|5image=rsr 473.jpg|5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/473/ |5project#=473|5project name=Project <br>Water4Tomorrow|
 +
}}
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=project 922.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/922/ |1project#=922 |1project name=WaterAid Rural <br>WASH Project |
 +
|2image=project 529.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/529/ |2project#=529 |2project name=Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project |
 +
|3image=project 788.jpg |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/788/ |3project#=788 |3project name=MWA-LAP: <br>Nicaragua |
 +
|4image=project 388.jpg |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org//project/388/ |4project#=388 |4project name=WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia |
 +
|5image=project 822.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/822/ |5project#=822 |5project name=Urban WASH II <br>in Monrovia |
 +
}}
 +
{{RSR_table
 +
|1image=project 933.png |1link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/933/ |1project#=933 |1project name=Accelerating Sanitation and Water for All 1 |
 +
|2image=project 1112.png |2link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1112/ |2project#=1112 |2project name=Child Friendly <br>School WASH Project II |
 +
|3image=project 1366.png |3link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1366/ |3project#=1366 |3project name=Rural Boreholes and Rehabilitation 1 |
 +
|4image=project 1367.png |4link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1367/ |4project#=1367 |4project name=Panta District <br>Rural Water Project 1 |
 +
|5image=project 1374.png |5link=http://rsr.akvo.org/project/1374/ |5project#=1374 |5project name=Integrated Community Water and Hygiene |
 +
}}
 +
<br>
  
−
[[Image: Drilling Method Selection.jpg|thumb|left|600px|Drilling Method Selection. Chart: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire.]]
+
===Manual drilling comparison of methods===
 +
[[Image: Drilling Method Selection.jpg|thumb|none|600px|Drilling Method Selection. Chart: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire.]]
  
−
==Manual drilling links==
+
<br>
−
* [http://www.rwsn.ch/documentation/skatdocumentation.2005-11-15.5533687184/file Human-Powered Drilling Technologies], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
+
===Manual drilling links===
 +
{|style="font-size: 120%;" cellpadding="5"
 +
|-
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|_lapu0LB-wM|200|auto|<center>How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 1</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|l-ftnqIpnJU|200|auto|<center>How to Professionalize the <br>Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 2</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|3OsMJ3KGzls|200|auto|<center>Professionalizing Manual Drilling: <br>2. Building Capacity (English)</center>}}
 +
|-
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|ibyj2BlhENo|200|auto|<center>Professionlizing Manual Well <br>Drilling: 4. Mapping (English)</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|lvfczoIsG4s|200|auto|<center>Professionalizing Manual Well <br>Drilling: 2. Drilling Techniques</center>}}
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
* VIDEO: [http://www.thewaterchannel.tv/media-gallery/641-manual-drilling-and-pump-installation-madagascar Manual drilling and pump installation, Madagascar] by The Water Channel.
 +
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/resources/details/402 Human-Powered Drilling Technologies], Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
 
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
 
* [http://www.hydrology.nl/images/docs/ihp/nl/cop15/2_Richard_Taylor.pdf Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement.] Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.
  
−
==Acknowledgements==
+
<br>
 +
 
 +
===Acknowledgements===
 
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf Understanding Groundwater and Wells in Manual Drilling]. Unicef.org.
 
* [http://www.unicef.org/wash/files/04.pdf Understanding Groundwater and Wells in Manual Drilling]. Unicef.org.

Latest revision as of 02:24, 18 May 2016

English Français Español भारत മലയാളം தமிழ் 한국어 中國 Indonesia Japanese

Access to groundwater is not always easy, so many different types of drilling mechanisms (ranging in depth capacity and costs) are covered in this section. Africa, for example, is said to have rich amounts of groundwater, as compared with other continents. That said, machine-drilled wells are often too expensive for most of the population. Drilling ‘shallow’ wells (up to 35 meter depth) by hand, reduces the price of a well by a factor 4 to 10 compared to a machine-drilled borehole. This cost reduction enables NGOs and Governments to construct more water wells, but also ‘opens the door’ to villagers, farmers, schools and small communities to have a well constructed independently through the private sector.

Climate change considerations
With climate change events, such as drought, some areas of groundwater may be drying up, therefore deeper boreholes and wells may need to be drilled (creating greater expense). Since some aquifers will provide less water in times of drought, perched aquifers (aquifers higher than the water table) should be avoided. Coastal aquifers may get invaded by saline waters, therefore be sure to check water quality.


Auger drilling.jpg
Vonder rig.jpg
Point and well.jpg
Percussion drilling.jpg
Stone hammer well drilling.PNG
Hand auger - general
Hand auger - Vonder rig
Hand auger -
driven wells
Percussion drilling
Percussion -
Stone hammer
Manually rotated jetting small.jpg
Emas drilling small.jpg
Jetting engine small.jpg
Rota sludge small.jpg
Baptist drilling small.jpg
Jetting - general
Jetting - EMAS method
Jetting - Engine
powered rotary jetting
Sludging - Rota sludge
Sludging - Baptist method
Asian sludge small.jpg
HandDugWell small.jpg
Infiltration well small.JPG
Riverbed Well small.jpg
Jetted driven well point small.jpg
Sludging - Asian sludge
Traditional hand-dug wells
Infiltration wells
Riverbed hand-dug wells
Riverbed jetted
and driven wells
Refilled well small.jpg
Bamboo screens small.jpg
Rooted Reservoir Well
Bamboo screens


Field experiences

These projects may be utilizing manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on Akvo.org.


Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 703
MWA-LAP:
Mexico
RSR Project 727
TESO North School and Community WASH Project
RSR Project 397
Eau Hygiène et Assainissement
RSR Project 401
Eau, hygiène et assainissement
RSR Project 473
Project
Water4Tomorrow
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 922
WaterAid Rural
WASH Project
RSR Project 529
Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project
RSR Project 788
MWA-LAP:
Nicaragua
RSR Project 388
WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia
RSR Project 822
Urban WASH II
in Monrovia
Akvorsr logo lite.png
Akvorsr logo lite.png
RSR Project 933
Accelerating Sanitation and Water for All 1
RSR Project 1112
Child Friendly
School WASH Project II
RSR Project 1366
Rural Boreholes and Rehabilitation 1
RSR Project 1367
Panta District
Rural Water Project 1
RSR Project 1374
Integrated Community Water and Hygiene


Manual drilling comparison of methods

Drilling Method Selection. Chart: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire.


Manual drilling links

How to Professionalize the
Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 1
How to Professionalize the
Manual Drilling Sector in Africa 2
Professionalizing Manual Drilling:
2. Building Capacity (English)
Professionlizing Manual Well
Drilling: 4. Mapping (English)
Professionalizing Manual Well
Drilling: 2. Drilling Techniques


Acknowledgements

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