Difference between revisions of "Treadle pump"

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[[Image:Treadle_pump_icon.png|right]]
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{{Language-box|english_link= Treadle pump | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon | malayalam_link= Coming soon | tamil_link= Coming soon | swahili_link=coming soon | korean_link= Coming soon | chinese_link=脚踏式水泵 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
  
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For wells down to 35 m, rope pumps are often five times cheaper and more sustainable than piston pumps. Evaluations show that rope pumps on communal wells are being maintained by the users, if introduced properly. 90% of rope pumps remain operational, even after many years. Because of its low cost, the pump is also popular for domestic use. A survey among 5,025 rural families in Nicaragua indicates that a rope pump increases income, even if used for domestic purposes only. Families with a pump earn US$ 220 per year more than families without a pump. In Nicaragua the pumps are now being  produced commercially by 20 workshops. Different models of Rope pumps were introduced in Africa. This introduction has not always been successful: in some projects over 80% of the pumps do NOT work! However, with the "right" models and the "right" user training, upto 90% remain in operation in Africa, as the Victory model in Ghana and the Elephant model in Zimbabwe have proved.
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[[Image:Treadle_pump_icon.png|right|80px]]
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[[Image:Treadle_pump.PNG|thumb|right|200px| The treadle pump is used in Bangladesh. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.]]
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[[Image:treadle pump2.jpg|thumb|right|200px|A simple, bamboo treadle pump can be constructed. Photo: International Development Enterprises.]]
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[[Image:malawi treadle pump.jpg|thumb|right|200px|The Malawi treadle pump is a high capacity treadle pump designed to lift water from shallow wells & surface sources. Photo: [http://www.skipumps.com/malawipump.htm S.K. Industries.]]]
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The treadle pump is a foot-powered water pump widely used in Asia and spreading in Africa. It consists of two metal cylinders with pistons that are operated by a natural walking motion on two treadles.
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'''There are several variations of the treadle pump:'''
 +
* The River Pump: is mounted on a portable metal stand so that it can be easily moved from one water source to another. It is used to pump from surface water sources. It requires an inlet hose for suction. A borehole is not required.
 +
* The Metal Treadle Pump: incorporates permanently attached metal treadles, which increases portability. It can be mounted on a borehole (like the basic Treadle Pump) to draw from groundwater sources. It can be mounted on a metal frame (like the River Pump) to draw from surface water sources.
 +
* The Concrete Pump: has PVC cylinders embedded in a concrete body. This prevents corrosion of the device in regions with saline groundwater. It is mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.
 +
* Plastic Pump: Using only plastic in the construction prevents corrosion in regions with saline groundwater. It can also be mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.
 +
 
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====History to Present====
 +
The treadle pump was designed by the Norwegian engineer, Gunnar Barnes in the 1970’s. It was first developed and used for irrigation in Bangladesh in the late 1970’s.
 +
 
 +
In the 1980s, International Development Enterprise (IDE) initiated a campaign to market the pumps to smallholder farmers. Over the course of 12 years, 1.5 million treadle pumps were purchased by farmers, increasing the farmers income by $150 million annually. The cost of the treadle pump scheme was $12 million, compared with conventional dam and canal systems, which would have cost $1.5 billion to irrigate a similar area. The treadle pump programme in India won an Ashden Award in 2006.
 +
 
 +
The treadle pump is also being promoted in Africa where it is installed by organizations such as Kickstart (former Approtec), who brand the treadle pump under the name MoneyMaker, and Enterprise Works. Models of the treadle pump such as the MoneyMaker and the Soka-pump are now widely used for small-scale "spray" irrigation.
 +
 
 +
Currently, over 2 million treadle pumps have been installed worldwide. Up to 1.3 million treadle pumps are in use Asia, and some 35,000 in Eastern Africa. They are being produced in 300 local workshops worldwide and used by more than one million poor rural families that otherwise could not have afforded an irrigation pump.
 +
 
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===Suitable conditions===
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The treadle pump can be used on small farms which draw irrigation water from 1-7 m deep. A treadle pump can pump around 100 litres / min from 4 meters depth.
 +
 
 +
Because a treadle pump is a suction pump, the depth from which water can be drawn is limited to 7m.
 +
 
 +
Distribution: about 2,000,000 treadle pumps were sold in Bangladesh and about the same number in India.
  
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[[Image:Rope_pump.PNG|thumb|right|150px|[[Rope pump | Rope pump ]], (Victory model) on a hand-dug of 20 meters deep well, made in a local workshop in northern Ghana ]]
 
  
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
{| border="1" cellpadding="5" cellspacing="0" align="center"
 
|-
 
|-
 
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
 
! width="50%" style="background:#efefef;" | Advantages
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! style="background:#ffdead;" | Disadvantages
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! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages
 
|-
 
|-
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| valign="top" | Significantly cheaper than piston pumps.<br>
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| valign="top" | - Simple and cheap
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Easy to maintain.<br>
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- Ergonomic treadle motion / Less intensive operation (foot operated) <br>
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Easy to train on maintenance.
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- Produced in local workshops / Maintenance uses local skills and materials. <br>
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| valign="top" | Not all introduction programs have been successful.<br>
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- Usually leads to generation of US$100-500 additional income per year for rural households in Africa and Asia
 +
| valign="top" | - Pumping depth limited to 7m.  
 
|}
 
|}
  
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<br>
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===Construction, operations and maintenance===
 +
[[Image:TreadleDiagram.png|thumb|right|200px|Treadle pump diagram. Click image to zoom. <br>Photo: [http://en.howtopedia.org/wiki/How_to_Build_Human-Powered_Water-Lifters Howtopedia.]]]
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====Design====
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* Cylinder diameter: 3.5 inch and 5 inch (90mm - 130mm)
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* Stroke: variable
 +
* Yield:  (75 watt input, at 5 m head)~ 4.5 m³/hour
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* Population/Area served:  0.25 hectare
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* Type of well: collapsible tube well or dug well
  
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== Capacity ==
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Treadle pumps can be manufactured locally in simple metalworking shops. The treadles and support structure are made of locally available, inexpensive material, such as bamboo. All components (or junction box) are made from mild steel; Piston-mild steel with plastic seal (cup Seal); foot valve-leather flap; rising main-PVC pipe or bamboo; various types of screens are used.
  
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40 litres / min from 10 meters depth.
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The installation of the Treadle pump is easy and does not need any lifting equipment or special tools. The drillers who sink the tube
 +
well with the sludger method also install the pump.
  
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== Costs ==
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Two pedals are connected to the two pistons. The pump is powered by shifting the weight from one pedal to the other, lifting the pistons. Water is supplied through a hose which draws water from a borehole or surface water.
  
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* US$ 20-120 depending on model.
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All household members are able to operate the pump, allowing farmers to make efficient use of family labour.  
  
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== Applying conditions ==
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====Maintenance====
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<ul>
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If designed correctly, treadle pumps can be easily maintained with standard replacement parts available in local markets at a low cost. All repairs can be done without the use of tools.
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<li><b>Numbers:</b> 50,000 in Nicaragua, 20,000 in Mexico, Honduras, Guatemala, Ghana, Zimbabwe, Tanaznia, Senegal.</li>
 
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<li><b>Range of depth:</b> 1-35 meter (60 m with two cranks).</li>
 
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<li><b>Application</b> Communal wells, houshold, irrigation. </li>
 
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<li><b>Cost of introduction:</b> US$ 10,000-20,000 per project, including 20 pumps, engineering and hands-on training. US$ 60,000-100,000 per project, including 1,000 pumps, production workshop and hands-on training.</li>
 
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</ul>
 
  
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== Rope pump building manual ==
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===Costs===
 +
The treadle pump is very cost-effective. Its low cost makes it accessible to even very poor farmers who can use it to grow dry-season vegetables for home consumption and for sale. In Bangladesh, a pump costs US$ 20. On average, farmers are able to generate more than US$100 per year in extra income. Income from treadle pumps adds US$100 million to the GNP of Bangladesh annually. Production and sales are sustainable now without external aid.
 +
With this technology, many families have increased their income. Some farmers who started with this pedal pump have now bought a motorized pump. 
  
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PRACTICA foundation and the Technical Training Programme of the ETC Foundation (TTP/ETC) have put together a really [http://www.greenocean.org/akvo/PRACTICA_180306_Rope_pump_manual_Ethiopia_March_2006_complete.pdf excellent manual on how to build rope pumps] (PDF, 2.5 Mbyte). It is an 86 page long document with detailed instructions.
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* A treadle pump costs US$ 20 in Bangladesh, and US$ 50-80 in Africa.
 +
* Approx US$ 100-200 including tube well (depending on installation depth and drilling method)
 +
* The cost of introduction lies around US$ 20,000 per project, including training, engineering and first production.
 +
 
 +
===Field experiences===
 +
The Treadle Pump is widely used in Asia, and increasingly used in Africa.
 +
 
 +
===Manuals, videos and links===
 +
* [http://www.ashdenawards.org/winners/idei Ashden Award article on Treadle Pumps by IDE-India]
 +
* [http://www.ide-india.org/bambootreadlepump.aspx Bamboo Treadle Pump, IDE-India]
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* [http://www.kickstart.org MoneyMaker treadle pump produced by Kickstart (Kenya, Tanzania)]
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* [http://www.ideorg.org International Development Enterprises (IDE)]
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* [http://www.enterpriseworks.org/display.cfm?id=5&sub=11&cont=6 Pedal Pump, produced by Enterprise Works]
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* [[Solution_of_the_week_2|Akvo water solution of the week 2]]
 +
* [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/public-domain-handpumps/treadle-pump RWSN: Treadle Pump]
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* [ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/005/x8293e/x8293e00.pdf Treadle pumps for irrigation in Africa.]
 +
 
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====Videos====
 +
{|style="font-size: 125%"
 +
|-
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|HAOG-yHW9QY|200|auto|<center>Spark Africa 3 - Treadle pump <br>revolution in rural Zambia</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|2YSgyWAZ_Ug|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 1</center>}}
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|{{#ev:youtube|Xn3-I9NUkKU|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 2</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|4PaIxt1UjKw|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 3</center>}} 
 +
|}
 +
 
 +
{|style="font-size: 125%"
 +
|-
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|EIMXcUvry7E|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 4</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|vbJG-kQEAKc|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 5</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|NEljbhsTE6Y|200|auto|<center>Treadle Pumps in <br>Nepal - Part 6</center>}}
 +
|{{#ev:youtube|vd71Au7O39s|200|auto|<center>Demonstrating a treadle pump <br>in Murejwa, Zimbabwe </center>}} 
 +
|}
  
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== External links ==
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===Acknowledgements===
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* Evaluations [http://www.irc.nl www.irc.nl ]
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* [http://www.washdoc.info/docsearch/title/124276 SmartWater Solutions Examples of innovative, low-cost technologies for wells, pumps, storage, irrigation and water treatment] or ([http://www.ircwash.org/resources/smart-water-solutions-examples-innovative-low-cost-technologies-wells-pumps-storage alternative link]). Netherlands Water Partnership, 2006.
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* Africa [http://www.pumpaid.org www.pumpaid.org ]
 
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* General info [http://www.ropepump.com www.ropepump.com]  
 
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* How to build [http://www.ropepumps.org www.ropepumps.org]
 

Latest revision as of 00:20, 7 December 2016

English Français Español भारत മലയാളം தமிழ் Swahili 한국어 中國 Indonesia Japanese
Treadle pump icon.png
The treadle pump is used in Bangladesh. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.
A simple, bamboo treadle pump can be constructed. Photo: International Development Enterprises.
The Malawi treadle pump is a high capacity treadle pump designed to lift water from shallow wells & surface sources. Photo: S.K. Industries.

The treadle pump is a foot-powered water pump widely used in Asia and spreading in Africa. It consists of two metal cylinders with pistons that are operated by a natural walking motion on two treadles.

There are several variations of the treadle pump:

  • The River Pump: is mounted on a portable metal stand so that it can be easily moved from one water source to another. It is used to pump from surface water sources. It requires an inlet hose for suction. A borehole is not required.
  • The Metal Treadle Pump: incorporates permanently attached metal treadles, which increases portability. It can be mounted on a borehole (like the basic Treadle Pump) to draw from groundwater sources. It can be mounted on a metal frame (like the River Pump) to draw from surface water sources.
  • The Concrete Pump: has PVC cylinders embedded in a concrete body. This prevents corrosion of the device in regions with saline groundwater. It is mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.
  • Plastic Pump: Using only plastic in the construction prevents corrosion in regions with saline groundwater. It can also be mounted on a borehole to draw from groundwater.

History to Present

The treadle pump was designed by the Norwegian engineer, Gunnar Barnes in the 1970’s. It was first developed and used for irrigation in Bangladesh in the late 1970’s.

In the 1980s, International Development Enterprise (IDE) initiated a campaign to market the pumps to smallholder farmers. Over the course of 12 years, 1.5 million treadle pumps were purchased by farmers, increasing the farmers income by $150 million annually. The cost of the treadle pump scheme was $12 million, compared with conventional dam and canal systems, which would have cost $1.5 billion to irrigate a similar area. The treadle pump programme in India won an Ashden Award in 2006.

The treadle pump is also being promoted in Africa where it is installed by organizations such as Kickstart (former Approtec), who brand the treadle pump under the name MoneyMaker, and Enterprise Works. Models of the treadle pump such as the MoneyMaker and the Soka-pump are now widely used for small-scale "spray" irrigation.

Currently, over 2 million treadle pumps have been installed worldwide. Up to 1.3 million treadle pumps are in use Asia, and some 35,000 in Eastern Africa. They are being produced in 300 local workshops worldwide and used by more than one million poor rural families that otherwise could not have afforded an irrigation pump.

Suitable conditions

The treadle pump can be used on small farms which draw irrigation water from 1-7 m deep. A treadle pump can pump around 100 litres / min from 4 meters depth.

Because a treadle pump is a suction pump, the depth from which water can be drawn is limited to 7m.

Distribution: about 2,000,000 treadle pumps were sold in Bangladesh and about the same number in India.


Advantages Disadvantages
- Simple and cheap

- Ergonomic treadle motion / Less intensive operation (foot operated)
- Produced in local workshops / Maintenance uses local skills and materials.
- Usually leads to generation of US$100-500 additional income per year for rural households in Africa and Asia

- Pumping depth limited to 7m.


Construction, operations and maintenance

Treadle pump diagram. Click image to zoom.
Photo: Howtopedia.

Design

  • Cylinder diameter: 3.5 inch and 5 inch (90mm - 130mm)
  • Stroke: variable
  • Yield: (75 watt input, at 5 m head)~ 4.5 m³/hour
  • Population/Area served: 0.25 hectare
  • Type of well: collapsible tube well or dug well

Treadle pumps can be manufactured locally in simple metalworking shops. The treadles and support structure are made of locally available, inexpensive material, such as bamboo. All components (or junction box) are made from mild steel; Piston-mild steel with plastic seal (cup Seal); foot valve-leather flap; rising main-PVC pipe or bamboo; various types of screens are used.

The installation of the Treadle pump is easy and does not need any lifting equipment or special tools. The drillers who sink the tube well with the sludger method also install the pump.

Two pedals are connected to the two pistons. The pump is powered by shifting the weight from one pedal to the other, lifting the pistons. Water is supplied through a hose which draws water from a borehole or surface water.

All household members are able to operate the pump, allowing farmers to make efficient use of family labour.

Maintenance

If designed correctly, treadle pumps can be easily maintained with standard replacement parts available in local markets at a low cost. All repairs can be done without the use of tools.

Costs

The treadle pump is very cost-effective. Its low cost makes it accessible to even very poor farmers who can use it to grow dry-season vegetables for home consumption and for sale. In Bangladesh, a pump costs US$ 20. On average, farmers are able to generate more than US$100 per year in extra income. Income from treadle pumps adds US$100 million to the GNP of Bangladesh annually. Production and sales are sustainable now without external aid. With this technology, many families have increased their income. Some farmers who started with this pedal pump have now bought a motorized pump.

  • A treadle pump costs US$ 20 in Bangladesh, and US$ 50-80 in Africa.
  • Approx US$ 100-200 including tube well (depending on installation depth and drilling method)
  • The cost of introduction lies around US$ 20,000 per project, including training, engineering and first production.

Field experiences

The Treadle Pump is widely used in Asia, and increasingly used in Africa.

Manuals, videos and links

Videos

Spark Africa 3 - Treadle pump
revolution in rural Zambia
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 1
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 2
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 3
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 4
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 5
Treadle Pumps in
Nepal - Part 6
Demonstrating a treadle pump
in Murejwa, Zimbabwe

Acknowledgements

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