Difference between revisions of "钻井或挖掘井"

Revision as of 10:33, 19 October 2015

获取地下水资源不是一件轻而易举的事情，本节将讲解许多不同类型的钻井方法（钻井深度及费用各不同）。例如，据说非洲的地下水资源比其他大洲更为丰富。尽管如此，使用机器钻井对于大部分非洲人而言费用太高。与使用机器钻井相比，人工钻浅井（最深35米）的费用降低4到10倍。费用降低后，非营利性组织和政府就能钻取更多的水井，同时村民、农民、学校和小型社区可以在私有企业的援助下自主钻取水井。

气候变化因素
随着气候变化（如干旱），一些地方的地下水可能会逐渐干涸，因此可能需要钻取更深的水井（费用也会更高）。由于在干旱时含水层的水量变少，就应该避免上层滞水含水层（含水层比水位还高）。滨海含水层可能会遭到咸水的影响，因此一定要检查水质。

手钻–常规	手钻- 三脚架钻进机	手钻-管井	冲击钻井	冲击钻井-石锤法
喷射 – 常规	喷射 - EMAS 方法	喷射- 由引擎发动的旋喷	除泥 - Rota除泥	除泥 - Baptist 方法
除泥-亚洲方法	传统的手动挖井	透水井	在河床手动挖井	河床喷射和管井
深水井	竹筛

Field experiences

These projects may be utilizing manual digging or drilling and are part of the project listing in Really Simple Reporting (RSR) on Akvo.org.

RSR Project 703 MWA-LAP: Mexico	RSR Project 727 TESO North School and Community WASH Project	RSR Project 397 Eau Hygiène et Assainissement	RSR Project 401 Eau, hygiène et assainissement	RSR Project 473 Project Water4Tomorrow

RSR Project 922 WaterAid Rural WASH Project	RSR Project 529 Water Sanitation and Hygiene Project	RSR Project 788 MWA-LAP: Nicaragua	RSR Project 388 WASH Alliance project, AMREF in Ethiopia	RSR Project 822 Urban WASH II in Monrovia

RSR Project 933 Accelerating Sanitation and Water for All 1	RSR Project 1112 Child Friendly School WASH Project II	RSR Project 1366 Rural Boreholes and Rehabilitation 1	RSR Project 1367 Panta District Rural Water Project 1	RSR Project 1374 Integrated Community Water and Hygiene

Manual drilling comparison of methods

Drilling Method Selection. Chart: WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire.

Manual drilling links

• VIDEO: Manual drilling and pump installation, Madagascar by The Water Channel.
• Human-Powered Drilling Technologies, Richard Carter, Cranfield University, 2005.
• Groundwater and climate change in Africa: The Kampala Statement. Richard Taylor, University College London (UK), IAH Commission of Groundwater & Climate Change.

Acknowledgements

• Understanding Groundwater and Wells in Manual Drilling. Unicef.org.