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Rainwater that is not captured directly, used by agriculture, or absorbed into the ground becomes surface water. '''Surface water ''' harvesting includes all systems that collect and conserve surface runoff after a rainstorm or in intermittent streams, rivers, or wetlands for storage in open ponds and reservoirs. This can provide water for direct household use (treatment is generally required), irrigation, livestock, and aquaculture. Storage can also be the goal of collecting surface water, whether through open reservoirs or direct infiltration to aquifers below ground. Storing water in an aquifer conserves water better as it prevents evaporation, unlike open reservoir systems.

|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SpringwaterCollecting small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:A river intake small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Protected side intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:River-bottomIntake.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Floating Intake Diagram.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:SumpIntakeDiagram.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake]]

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Springwater collection | Springwater collection]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Protected side intake | Protected side intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / River-bottom intake | River-bottom intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Floating intake | Floating intake]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Sump intake | Sump intake]]</div>

|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Catchment dam small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams]] |style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:Tyrolean_weir_small.JPG|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Tyrolean weir]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:road runoff small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Road runoff harvesting]]|style="background:#efefef;"|[[Image:woman micro hydro small.jpg|center|100px|link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Micro hydropower]]

|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Catchment and storage dams|Catchment and <br>storage dams]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Tyrolean weir | Tyrolean weir]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Road runoff harvesting | Road runoff harvesting]]</div>|style="background:#efefef;"|<div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">[[Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / Surface water / Micro hydropower | Micro hydropower]]</div>

* [httphttps://www.hpscsteircwash.gov.inorg/rwhresources/Blue_Drop_Series_02_rainwater-harvesting-and-_Capacity_Building.pdf utilisation-book-2-beneficiaries-and-capacity-builders Rainwater Harvesting and Utilisation.Utilization] Blue Drop Series: Book 2: Beneficiaries & Capacity Builders. UN-HABITAT.

* Large wiki on water use for agriculture: [http://web.archive.org/web/20151025174729/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in:80/ Agropedia] ===This article in other languages===[[%E0%B4%89%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%B2_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%82_-_%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8A%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8C|Malayalam]]<br>[[Eaux superficielles - généralités|Français]]