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Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / 3R (Recharge, Retention & Reuse)

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{{Language-box|english_link=Water Portal / Rainwater Harvesting / 3R (Recharge, Retention & Reuse)|french_link=coming soonLa collecte des eaux de pluie / Les 3R (recharge, rétention et réutilisation)|spanish_link=3R (Recarga, retención y reutilización)|hindi_link=वाटर पोर्टल / वर्षाजल सचंयन / तीन आर (रिचार्ज, रिटेंशन और रियूज)|malayalam_link=3R (റീ ചാര്‍ജ്, റീടെന്‍ഷന്‍ &, റീ യൂസ്)|tamil_link=coming soon | swahili_link=Lango la Maji / Uvunaji wa Maji ya Mvua / K3 (Kutiliwa upya, Kuhifadhi, Kutumiwa upya)|korean_link=3R (재충전, 보유 & 재사용) | chinese_link=3R (回灌、储存与再利用) | indonesian_link=3R (Pengisian Ulang, Retensi & Pengguanaan Ulang)|japanese_link=3R (涵養、保有&再利用)}}
[[Image:Water Use Master Plan (WUMP) photo.jpg|thumb|right|200px|[https://assets.helvetas.ch/downloads/13_waterusemasterplan_wump_blau_final_engl_a4_portrait.pdf The Water Use Master Plan (WUMP)] document. Photo: Silvia Voser.]]
 
'''There are three important arguments in support of 3R:'''
 
'''1. Climate change adaptation'''<br>
Changes in rainfall may influence the livelihood of people and their economy. Water storage plays a deciding factor in the ability to adapt to climate change. Water storage is a key component in bridging momentary gaps between demand and availability of water. Many advantages are to be found in making use of the buffer function of groundwater, surface water and storage systems. These systems have the ability to offer people sufficient access to drinking water and provide water for cattle, agricultural purposes and other productive purposes. Access to water also benefits the environment and the wider ecosystem. Storage of water allows for secure levels of reserves that can be used in times of need.
 
'''2. Recirculation in the water chain'''<br>
Water management is often limited to the paradigm of water resource allocation, availability and efficiency. It often fails to take into consideration the buffer capacity, water circulation or the re-use of buffered water. 3R can substantially contribute to increasing the quantity and quality of water resources. The use and reuse of buffered water allows for the increased availability of water, as it circumvents water allocation conflicts through simply using and re-circulating the water.
 
'''3. Green water management'''<br>
Buffering water in groundwater results in improved soil moisture and increases the availability of shallow groundwater. This way of buffering makes an important
contribution to ‘green water management’. Green water management is the management of soil moisture based on improved tillage, mulching, physiochemical
and biological processes. By infiltrating water into the soil, 3R contributes to green water management in a way that leaves a positive footprint on both ecosystems and agricultural production.
 
===3R planning tool===
In WASH programmes, there is a domestic water supply, sanitation and hygiene focus mainly on a household or community level and not on an area or catchment, as in Integrated Water Resource Management programmes. However, more and more linkages are made between WASH programmes and other sectors like food and energy. This requires a rethinking of WASH programmes and moving from a community approach towards a catchment approach.
'''Description & results'''<br>
In Nepal of 2012, RAIN and [httphttps://www.acaciawater.org com/pg-28008-7-104660/pagina/home.html Acacia Water] started to develop the 3R methodology, which supports implementing organisations to integrate the 3R approach into their project planning. This method enables opportunities and challenges within an area to be included by looking at both the physical and social environment. [http://www.metameta.nl MetaMeta] and RAIN worked in 2012 on building capacity of local governments on 3R as part of the existing natural resource management framework in Ethiopia. Both projects showed that there is a strong need for 3R as a planning tool in water management projects. But knowledge, capacity and commitment are needed to actually change current planning processes of non-governmental and governmental organisations.
To respond to this need, RAIN and its partners within the 3R consortium will develop a 3R planning tool and practical training modules:
* PDF: [https://assets.helvetas.ch/downloads/13_waterusemasterplan_wump_blau_final_engl_a4_portrait.pdf WATER USE MASTER PLAN (WUMP): A concept to equitably share water resources within and amongst rural communities]. HELVETAS PROJECT EXPERIENCE.
* [http://www.bebuffered.com Be Buffered: This Area is Prepared for Floods and Droughts, is Yours?] 3R Water Secretariat.
* ARTICLE: [http://www.water-energy-food.org/en/practice/view__353news/2012-03-02-innovative-water-management-managing-the-water-buffer-for-climate-change-adaptation-and-food-security.html / Managing the Water Buffer: For Climate Change Adaptation and Food Security]. By Ethiopian Institute of Water Research, Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources and MetaMeta.* Lots of articles about reusing water for agriculture: [http://web.archive.org/web/20151025174729/http://agropedia.iitk.ac.in:80/ Agropedia]. ====This article in other languages====[[3R (റീ ചാര്‍ജ്, റീടെന്‍ഷന്‍ &, റീ യൂസ്)|Malayalam]]
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