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pic=Urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png|
Input1=Urine|Input2=Faeces |Input3=Flushwater| Input4=Dry cleansing material materials |Input5=Anal cleansing water|Output1=UrineBrownwater| Output2=Brownwater Urine | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=
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|[[Image:Urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png |right|500px]]
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[[Image:Icon_urine_diverting_flush_toilet.png |right|95px80px]]'''The Urine Diverting Flush Toilet (UDFT) is similar in appearance to a [[Cistern Flush Toilet | Cistern Flush Toilet]] (U.5) except for the diversion in the bowl. The toilet bowl has two sections so that the urine can be separated from the faeces. Both sitting and squatting models exist.'''
===Design Considerations===
The system requires dual plumbing, i.e., separate piping for urine and brownwater (faeces, dry cleansing material and flushing water). The toilet should be installed carefully with an understanding of how and where clogs may occur so that they can be prevented and easily removed. For the discharge of urine, plastic pipes should be used to prevent corrosion. To limit scaling, all connections (pipes) to storage tanks should be kept as short as possible; whenever they exist, pipes should be installed with at least a 1% slope, and sharp angles (90°) should be avoided. A pipe diameter of 50 mm is sufficient for steep slopes and where maintenance is easy. Larger diameter pipes (> 75 mm) should be used elsewhere, especially for minimum slopes, and where access is difficult.
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{{procontable | pro=
- Requires less water than a traditional Cistern Flush Toilet.<br> - No real problems with odours if used correctly.<br> - Looks like, and can be used almost like, a Cistern Flush Toilet | con= - Limited availability; can not be built or repaired locally.<br> - High capital and low to moderate costs; operating costs (depending depend on parts and maintenance). <br> - Labour-intensive maintenance. <br> - The toilet is not intuitive; requires education Requires training and acceptance to be used correctly. <br> - Is prone to clogging and misuse. <br> - Requires a constant source of water. <br> - Men usually require a separate Urinal for optimum collection of urine.
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===Appropriateness===
A UDFT is adequate when there is enough water for flushing, a treatment technology for the brownwater and a use for the collected urine. To improve diversion efficiency, Urinals (U.3) for men are recommended. UDFTs are suitable for public and private applications, although significant training and awareness is required in public settings to ensure proper use and minimize clogging.
===Operation & Maintenance===
As with any toilet, proper cleaning is important to keep the bowl(s) clean and prevent stains from forming. Because urine is collected separately, calcium- and magnesium-based minerals and salts can precipitate and build up in the fittings and pipes. Washing the bowl with a mild acid (e.g., vinegar) and/or hot water can prevent the build-up of mineral deposits and scaling. Stronger (> 24% acetic) acid or a caustic soda solution (2 parts water to 1 part soda) can be used for removing blockages. However, in some cases manual removal may be required.
==Health Aspects/Acceptance=Manuals, videos and links=== * [http://web.archive.org/web/20150331190748/http://www.wsp.org/hwws-toolkit/hwws-tk-home Handwashing with Soap Toolkit]
* Larsen, T. A. and Lienert, J. (2007). [http://www.novaquatis.eawag.ch/publikationen/final_report_E.pdf Novaquatis Final Report. NoMix – A New Approach to Urban Water Management]. Eawag, Dübendorf, CH.
==References=Acknowledgements===* Elizabeth Tilley et.al (2008). [http://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_high.pdf Compendium of Sanitation Systems and Technologies] ([http{{://www.eawag.ch/organisation/abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/publications_sesp/downloads_sesp/compendium_low.pdf low res version]). Department of Water and Acknowledgements Sanitation in Development Countries ([http://www.sandec.ch/ Sandec]) at the Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag). (Provides a full overview of sanitation systems.) * GTZ (1999). Technical data sheets for ecosan components: Urine diversion Toilets. GTZ, Germany. Available: http://www.gtz.de (Provides a thorough comparison of the Flush Toilets with Urine diversion currently on the market. Information includes contact information and pricing as well as a description of the installation and maintenance requirements.) * Kvarnström, E., et al. (2006). Urine Diversion – One step towards sustainable sanitation. Report 2006–1. Ecosan Res: Ecosan Publication Series, Stockholm. Available: http://www.ecosanres.org}}
