Changes

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Public health as a driving force for sanitation? How are infectious diseases transmitted? What happens if and when we people are exposed to pathogens?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|The present global situation. Health risks related to sanitation. Pathogens of concern To become familiar with the most important pathogens found in water and sanitation systems. Epidemiology, with the symptoms they cause and with their effect on individuals and populations.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 3.2 <br>'''Environmental transmissionof pathogens'''

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Pathogens To become familiar with environmental transmission routes for pathogens, especially in different waste fractions. Different routes of transmission related relation to water and sanitation. Zoonotic diseases.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How persistent are pathogens in the environment? How can we prevent exposure and disease transmission in sanitation systems which involve the agricultural reuse of excreta?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Persistence To become familiar with the behaviour of microorganisms pathogens in different environments. Treatment options the environment and the effects of treatment and strategies for urine and faeces in theoryminimizing the transmission of disease, esp. Barriers in relation to agricultural reuse systemsuse of excreta.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 3.4 <br>'''Health targets and guidelines'''

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Health targets To become familiar with faecal indicators and the microbial risk concept. Faecal indicators. Options , and to understand their application in guidelines for guidelines reuse of excreta and regulations (WHO)greywater.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Control strategies (barriers) To be aware of how the potential health impacts of sanitation systems can be evaluated and risk management. Systematic evaluations of compared regarding their potential health risksimpact.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.1 <br>'''Nutrient&nbsp;Cycles and&nbsp;water&nbsp;cycles in biosphere and societyflows of plant nutrients'''|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How do plant nutrients and water flow in the biosphere? How have these flows been changed altered by societyhumans?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Cycles To be familiar with cycles of plant nutrients and water in the biosphere. Flows of nutrients nature and contaminants in excreta/greywater/wastehow various sanitation systems affect these cycles.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Can urine and faeces be made Is it safe for to use treated faecal matter in crop cultivation? Can household organic material be incorporatedthe garden?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Effects How to treat urine and faeces for safe handling and reuse in crop cultivation. Co-treatment of digestion, storage, desiccation, composting, heat & ammonia treatment, incineration on pathogens and fertiliser qualityorganic materials from households.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.4 <br>'''Biogas reactors for treatment- a way to solve sanitation problems.'''|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Why do substances degrade and form How much biogas? What amounts can be producedfrom excreta and biomass? How safe is the process and its sludge?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How to manage anaerobic To understand the fundamental processes to obtain in biogas production, and get an overview of biogas. Biogas generation in the world today.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|What we add to water while using it. Source control The role of households in homes tackling environmental and industriesresource challenges.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|What compounds can be removed? How can Nature assist or react? What compounds can be removed?|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Be To become familiar with how treatment basics of various physical, chemical and biological processes work and why they function.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 4.7 <br>'''Greywater treatment options'''

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Various Get familiar with various treatment options and how they combine physical/ biological/chemical with the application of various processes.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How can a dry UD urine diverting toilet system be compared with a conventional system?

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Module 5.1 <br>'''Phosphorus - Food security and food for thought'''

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|How to plan and implement appreciated sustainable toilets in public places. Design criteria.

|style="color:black; background-color:#ffffff;"|Function-based design To get acquainted with management and management construction needs of school sanitationtoilets.

This support material for training of professionals for the sanitation and water sector has been developed by the main authors Jan-Olof Drangert of [http://www.liu.se/?l=en Linköping University] (in Sweden) / Vatema, Caroline Schönning of the Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control, and Björn Vinnerås of the [http://www.slu.se/en/ Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences]. The material we first published was created in between 2009 - 2012, and more recently an update for most all chapters (except modules 4.1 to 3.3 and 4.8 to 4.10 as well as chapter 4 total) was created in 2015.