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Sludging - Rota sludge

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{{stub}}[[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling_icon.pngLanguage-box|english_link= Sludging - Rota sludge | french_link= Coming soon | spanish_link= Coming soon | hindi_link= Coming soon |right]][[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling.PNGmalayalam_link= Coming soon |thumbtamil_link= Coming soon |rightswahili_link=coming soon |150pxkorean_link= Coming soon |Drilling a 20 m deep well in Chinandega, Nicaragua, with the Rotachinese_link=污泥鑽 -sludge method ]]__NOTOC__羅塔污泥鑽 | indonesian_link= Coming soon | japanese_link= Coming soon }}
The [[Image:Icon_sludge.png|right|80px]][[Image:Rota sludge in action.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rota-sludge method is an adaptation of in action]][[Image:Deep drilling with the Indian hand rota sludge method. The hardened drill bit is turned 90 degrees during jpg|thumb|right|200px|Deep drilling thus chiselling with the bottom of the hole. This technology can be used to drill 2-5 inch wells in layers with sand, clay, gravel, tuff stone or weathered rock.rota sludge]]
The Rota Sludge is a manual drilling technique based on the [[Sludging - Asian sludge |Asian sludge]] technique, and adapted for harder soil types. To drill through the harder layers, a hardened drill bit and weight have been added. Just after the downward movement of the drill pipes the drill bit is rotated a quarter turn, thus chiselling the bottom of the hole. Water is circulated to bring the cuttings to the surface.
==History During drilling, the drill pipe is moved up and social context==down. On the down stroke, the impact of the drill bit loosens the soil and on the up stroke, the top of the pipe is closed by hand (or a valve), drawing up the water through the pipe and transporting the cuttings to the surface. On the next down stroke, the hand (or valve) opens the top of the pipe and the water squirts into a pit, in front of the well. In this pit, the cuttings separate from the water and settle out, while the water overflows from the pit back into the well.
==Suitable conditions ==Can The borehole stays open by water pressure. Thickeners such as clay, bentonite or even cow dung are usually added to the water in order to prevent hole collapse and reduce loss of working water (drill 2-5 inch wells to 20 meterfluid).{{procontable | pro=- Can drill in hard soil <br>| con= }}
==Technical specification======Operation========Maintenance========Manufacturing ====The Rota-Sludge was developed by the [http://www.practica.org Practica Foundation].
==Cost=Suitable conditions===In IndiaSuitable for unconsolidated formations: Sand, silt and clay. Because of the cost of a well made with Rotarotation and the drill bit, it is possible to penetrate softer-sludge is about US$ 30.In Nicaraguaconsolidated formations such as stiff clays, soft sandstone, this varies from US$ 80 to US$ 400and weathered laterite.
The cost of introduction varies between US$ Rota Sludge method can be used to drill 2-5,000-inch wells up to 20,000 per project, including hand-on training, drill set and drilling of test wellsm deep.
{| border="1" cellpadding=Country experiences"5" cellspacing="0" align="none"|-! width="50%" style=Manuals="background:#efefef;" | Advantages! style="background:#f0f8ff;" | Disadvantages*[http://www.practicafoundation.nl/wp|-content/uploads/PDF/Practica%20drilling%20Rs%20versie%201th%20september%2005.pdf Rota| valign="top" | -sludge Easy to handle and stone hammer a temporary casing is normally not needed. It is possible to construct the drilling, Part 1, Drilling manual]equipment locally. Produced by [http://www.practicafoundation.nl PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc<br>- Can drill through softer-internationalconsolidated formations.org/index.php?id| valign=41 ETC Foundation].*[http://www.practicafoundation.nl/wp"top" | -content/uploads/PDF/practica-production-rs-versie-1th-september-051The borehole stays open by water pressure.pdf RotaTo prevent collapsing, fluid-sludge and stone hammer drilled boreholes must be kept full of water during the entire drilling, Part 2, Production manual]. Produced by [http://www.practicafoundation.nl PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41 ETC Foundation]well installation process.<br>*High quality manuals for Rota-sludge drilling, well digging Coarse gravel and other manual drilling highly permeable materials (cracks in the formation) cause loss of working water and digging methods are available as well from [http://wwwcannot be drilled.connectinternational.nl/english/smartmodules/smart-tec/wells-boreholes/handdrilling Connect International]. They If very fine sands (quick sands) are for free for organizations which encountered in the first three meter of the borehole, a temporary casing and swell clay are a [http://wwwneeded on the outside of this casing to prevent collapse.connectinternational.nl/files/membership.pdf member <br>- If cow dung is used as drilling fluid, this can cause contamination of Connect International] (cost: 50 Euro per year)the well, which can take several weeks to disappear.|}
==Movies=Construction, operations and maintenance===* [http[Image://nlDiagram of a rota sludge.youtubejpg|thumb|right|200px|Diagram of a rota sludge]][[Image:Rota_sludge_well_drilling.com/watch?v=MvebFHCjCvk nlPNG|thumb|right|200px|Drilling a 20 m deep well in Chinandega, Nicaragua, with the Rota-sludge method. Photo: Netherlands Water Partnership.youtube]][[Image:Rota sludge drill bit.com/watch?v=MvebFHCjCvk jpg|thumb|right|200px|Rota sludge drilling Madagascar January 2008drill bit]]
==External links==* [http://wwwCow dung is mixed with water to create a very low cost drilling fluid.practicafoundation.nl www.practicafoundation.nl]* General info on It may take several weeks after the drilling is finished for the pathogens (bacteria) to die and disappear completely out of the well drilling [http://www.rwsn.org www.rwsn.org]* [http://nl.youtube.com/watch?v=MvebFHCjCvk nl.youtube.com/watch?v=MvebFHCjCvk]* Organisation http://www.waterforallinternational www.waterforallinternational ]
All drilling equipment is locally produced.  ==References=Costs===In India, the cost of a well made with Rota-sludge is about US$ 30. In Nicaragua, this varies from US$ 80 to US$ 400.  The cost of introduction varies between US$ 5,000-20,000 per project, including hand-on training, drill set and drilling of test wells.  ===Field experiences===The Rota Sludge is used in Nicaragua, Tanzania, Madagascar, Ghana, Senegal, Mauritania and Niger. ===Manuals, videos and links===*[http://ec.europa.eu/echo/files/evaluation/watsan2005/annex_files/PRACTICA/PRACT2%20-%20Rota-sludge%20and%20stone%20hammer%20drilling.pdf Rota-sludge and stone hammer drilling, Part 1, Drilling manual]. Produced by [http://www.practica.org PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41 ETC Foundation]. *[http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/HERWIJNEN%202005%20Rota%20Sludge%20and%20Stone%20Hammer%20Drilling%20Part%20two%20Production%20Manual.pdf Rota-sludge and stone hammer drilling, Part 2, Production manual]. Produced by [http://www.practica.org PRACTICA Foundation] and [http://www.etc-international.org/index.php?id=41 ETC Foundation]. * [http://www.practica.org/products/drilling-wells/ Drilling & Wells], Practica Foundation.  {{#ev:youtube|MvebFHCjCvk|200|auto|<font size="2"><center>Rota sludge drilling in <br>Madagascar, January 2008</center></font>}} === Acknowledgements===* The basis for the material on this page was obtained from a desk study shortly to be published on the website of the [http://www.practica.org Practica Foundation], and from the [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/ Rural Water Supply Network], and specifically its [http://www.rural-water-supply.net/en/implementation/manual-drilling manual drilling section].* [http://www.lboro.ac.uk/well/resources/technical-briefs/43-simple-drilling-methods.pdf 43. Simple drilling methods.] WEDC.
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