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<!{|style="float: left;"|{{Language-box|english_link=Sedimentation_- table at top of page with logo, picture, Application level, Management level, and input_Thickening_Ponds|french_link=Bassins_de_sédimentation_et_d’épaississement|spanish_link=Estanques_de_Sedimentacion -output tables -->Espesamiento|hindi_link=coming soon|malayalam_link=coming soon|tamil_link=coming soon | korean_link=coming soon | chinese_link=Coming soon | indonesian_link=Coming soon | japanese_link=Coming soon}}|}{|width="100%"|style="width:50%;"|{{santablesantable_new|

sys2=[[Blackwater Treatment System with Infiltration|56]]|sys3=[[Blackwater Treatment System with SewerageEffluent Transport|67]]|sys4=[[Blackwater Transport to (Semi-) Centralized Treatment System |78]]|sys5=[[Sewerage System with Urine Diversion |89]]|

Input1=Faecal Sludge |Input2= |Input3= | Input4= |Input5=|Output1= Effluent | Output2= Faecal Sludge | Output3= | Output4= | Output5=

[[Image:Icon_sedimentation_thickening_ponds.png |right|95px80px]]'''Sedimentation or Thickening Ponds are simple settling ponds that allow the sludge to thicken and dewater. The effluent is removed and treated, while the thickened sludge can be treated in a subsequent technology.'''

Faecal '''Sedimentation or thickening ponds are settling ponds that allow sludge is not a uniform product and therefore, its treatment must be specific to the characteristics of the specific sludge. In general, there are two types of faecal sludges: high strength (originating from latrines thicken and unsewered public toilets) and low strength (originating from [[Septic Tank|Septic Tanks]]dewater. High strength sludge The effluent is still rich in organics removed and has not undergone significant degradationtreated, which makes it difficult to dewater. Low strength while the thickened sludge has undergone significant anaerobic degradation and is more easily dewateredcan be further treated in a subsequent technology.'''

<br>Faecal sludge is not a uniform product and, therefore, its treatment must be specific to the characteristics of the sludge. Sludge, which is still rich in organicsand has not undergone significant degradation, is difficult to dewater. Conversely, sludge that has undergone significant anaerobic degradation, is more easilydewatered. In order to be properly dried, high strength sludges fresh sludge rich in organic matter (e.g., latrine or public toilet sludge) must first be stabilized. Allowing the high strength sludge to degrade anaerobically in Settlingsedimentation/Thickening Ponds thickening ponds can do this. The same type of pond can be used to thicken low strength sludgewhich is already partially stabilized (e.g., originating from [[Septic Tank|Septic Tanks]], S.9), although it undergoes less degradation and requires more time to settle. The degradation process may actually hinder the settling of low strength sludge because the gases produced bubble up and re-suspend the solids. To achieve maximum efficiencyAs the sludge settles and digests, the loading supernatant must be decanted and resting period should not exceed 4 to 5 weeks, although much longer cycles are commontreated separately. When a 4-week loading, and 4-week resting cycle is used, total solids (TS) The thickened sludge can then be increased to 14% (depending on the initial concentration)dried or further composted.

As ===Design Considerations=== Two tanks operating in parallel are required; one can be operated, while the sludge settles other is emptied. To achieve maximum efficiency, loading and digestsresting periods should not exceed 4 to 5 weeks, the supernatant must be decanted although much longer cycles are common. When a 4-week loading and treated separately. The thickened sludge 4-week resting cycle is used, total solids (TS) can then go be increased to 14% (depending on to be dried or composted furtherthe initial concentration).

- Thickened sludge is easier to handle and less prone to splashing and spraying <br>- Can be built and repaired with locally available materials. <br> - Low Relatively low capital costcosts; low operating cost. <br> - Potential for local job creation and income generation. costs <br> - No electrical energy is required. | con=- Requires a large land area <br> - Odours and flies are normally noticeable. <br> - Long storage times. <br> - Requires front-end loader for monthly desludging. <br> - Requires expert design and operation.construction <br>- Effluent and sludge require further treatment

==Adequacy=Appropriateness=== Sedimentation/thickening ponds are appropriate where there is inexpensive, available space located far from homes and businesses; it should be established at the border of the community. The thickened sludge is still infectious, although it is easier to handle and less prone to splashing and spraying. Trained staff for operation and maintenance is required to ensure proper functioning. This is a low-cost option that can be installed in most hot and temperate climates. Excessive rain may prevent the sludge from properly settling and thickening.

Settling===Health Aspects/Thickening Ponds Acceptance=== Both the incoming and thickened sludge are appropriate where there is inexpensivepathogenic; therefore, workers should be equipped with proper protection (boots, gloves, available space that and clothing). The thickened sludge is far from homes not sanitized and requires further treatment (at least in a drying process) before disposal or end-use. The ponds may cause a nuisance for nearby residents due to bad odours and businesses; it the presence of flies. Thus, they should be on the edge of the communitylocated sufficiently away from residential areas.

The sludge ===Operation & Maintenance=== Maintenance is an important aspect of well-functioning ponds, but it is not hygienized intensive. The discharging area must be maintained and kept clean to reduce the potential of disease transmission and requires further treatment before disposalnuisance (flies and odours). Ideally this technology should Solid waste that is discharged along with the sludge must be coupled removed from the screen at the inlet of the ponds. The thickened sludge must be mechanically removed (with an onsite [[Planted Drying Beds|Drying]] a front end loader or [[Co-composting]] facility to generate a hygienic product. Trained staff for operation and maintenance is required to ensure proper functioningother specialized equipment) after it has sufficiently thickened.

This is a low-cost option that can be installed in most hot ===References===* Heinss, U., Larmie, S. A. and temperate climatesStrauss, M. Excessive rain may prevent (1998). [https://sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/HEINSS%201998%20Solids%20Separation%20and%20Pond%20Systems%20For%20the%20Treatment%20of%20Faecal%20Sludges%20In%20the%20Tropics.pdf Solids Separation and Pond Systems for the Treatment of Faecal Sludges in the sludge from properly settling Tropics – Lessons Learnt and thickeningRecommendations for Preliminary Design. 2nd Ed. Report 05/98]. Eawag (Department Sandec), Dübendorf, CH.

==Health Aspects* Heinss, U., Larmie, S. A. and Strauss, M. (1999). [https:/Acceptance==/sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/HEINSS%20et%20al%201994%20Characteristics%20of%20Faecal%20Sludges%20and%20their%20Solids-Liquid%20Seperation.pdf Characteristics of Faecal Sludges and Their Solids-Liquid Separation]. Eawag (Department Sandec), Dübendorf, CH.

The incoming sludge is pathogenic* Montangero, so workers should be equipped with proper protection A. and Strauss, M. (boots, gloves, and clothing2002). The thickened sludge is also infectious, although it is easier to handle and less prone to splashing and spraying[https://www.eawag.ch/fileadmin/Domain1/Abteilungen/sandec/publikationen/EWM/Articles/SN05_FSM. The pond may cause a nuisance for nearby residents due to bad odours and the presence of fliespdf Faecal Sludge Treatment]. ThereforeLecture Notes, UNESCO-IHE, Delft, the pond should be located sufficiently away from urban centresNL.

Maintenance is an important aspect of a well-functioning pond, although it is not intensive. The discharging area must be maintained and kept clean to reduce the potential for disease transmission and nuisance (flies and odours). Grit, sand, and solid waste that are discharged along with the sludge must be removed. The thickened sludge must be removed mechanically (front end loader or specialized equipment) when the sludge has thickened sufficiently. ===Acknowledgements===