Difference between revisions of "Resilient WASH systems in drought-prone areas"
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| − | [[Image:carelogo.png|thumb|right|150px|This section is based on a desk study written by Eric Fewster, commissioned by CARE Netherlands and the Netherlands Red Cross]] | + | [[Image:carelogo.png|thumb|right|150px|This section is based on a desk study written by [http://www.linkedin.com/pub/eric-fewster/4/333/a90 Eric Fewster], commissioned by [http://www.carenederland.org/ CARE Netherlands] and the [http://www.rodekruis.nl/paginas/home.aspx Netherlands Red Cross]]] |
| − | Resilient WASH systems need to be able to cope with changes in the availability of water. This section explores | + | Resilient WASH systems need to be able to cope with changes in the availability of water. This section explores which techniques can be used to improve water availability over space and time in areas not only prone to drought and changing climate variability, but also those areas with deteriorating water availability due to increasing water demands and human influences. The focus is on water supply and non-motorized irrigation in rural areas for populations of up to 5,000 people. Resilience is a concept used to describe how to make water systems more robust in terms of water availability, thereby reducing the vulnerability of people that rely on them. |
| + | |||
| + | ====Main content==== | ||
| + | *[[Impact of drought on WASH systems]] - Includes world maps on the locations of water stress, scarcity, and historical drought. | ||
| + | *[[Drought and links to other disasters]] - How drought is linked to other major disasters such as poverty, inequality, and conflict. | ||
| + | *[[Drought resilience - General issues|Drought resilience, non-technical solutions]] - Non-technical ways to make water systems more resilient, such as financial, institutional, environmental and social measures. | ||
| + | *[[Drought resilience - Technical solutions| Drought resilience, technical solutions]] - Technical solutions to make water systems more resilient. | ||
| + | *[[Drought cycle management]] - Four stages of drought management: normal, alert, emergency, recovery. | ||
| + | *[[Framework for evaluation of projects in drought-prone areas]] - a set of questions to help evaluate projects. | ||
Both technical '''and''' non-technical components are important in discussing how to make water systems resilient. In many cases, it is not technical issues which cause projects to become unsustainable, but non-technical issues such as management, social relationships and community dynamics. A useful model to use is the [[FIETS sustainability principles| FIETS model]], which covers five dimensions of sustainability: Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technical, and Social. | Both technical '''and''' non-technical components are important in discussing how to make water systems resilient. In many cases, it is not technical issues which cause projects to become unsustainable, but non-technical issues such as management, social relationships and community dynamics. A useful model to use is the [[FIETS sustainability principles| FIETS model]], which covers five dimensions of sustainability: Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technical, and Social. | ||
====Technical measures==== | ====Technical measures==== | ||
| − | The technical measures can be divided | + | The technical measures to consider while planning a project can be divided into three types: |
| − | * [[Increasing availability of water over space|Improving the availability of water over space]] (more points of water | + | * [[Increasing availability of water over space|Improving the availability of water over space]] (more points of water increase access for people and livestock). |
| − | * [[Increasing availability of water over | + | * [[Increasing availability of water over time|Improving the availability of water over time]] (more water available to last the entire dry season, or with agriculture, short dry spells). |
| − | * Improving techniques that influence water demand, such as water-saving technologies | + | * Improving techniques that influence water demand, such as water-saving technologies, irrigation practices, re-use techniques and drought-resistant crops. |
====Non-technical measures==== | ====Non-technical measures==== | ||
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* Environmental solutions - e.g. siting of seasonal water points in relation to pasture availability in pastoral areas | * Environmental solutions - e.g. siting of seasonal water points in relation to pasture availability in pastoral areas | ||
* Social solutions - e.g. changing behavior in water use, use of communal sources, etc. | * Social solutions - e.g. changing behavior in water use, use of communal sources, etc. | ||
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| + | __NOTOC__ <small-title /> | ||
Latest revision as of 06:24, 20 December 2013
This section is based on a desk study written by Eric Fewster, commissioned by CARE Netherlands and the Netherlands Red Cross
Resilient WASH systems need to be able to cope with changes in the availability of water. This section explores which techniques can be used to improve water availability over space and time in areas not only prone to drought and changing climate variability, but also those areas with deteriorating water availability due to increasing water demands and human influences. The focus is on water supply and non-motorized irrigation in rural areas for populations of up to 5,000 people. Resilience is a concept used to describe how to make water systems more robust in terms of water availability, thereby reducing the vulnerability of people that rely on them.
Main content
- Impact of drought on WASH systems - Includes world maps on the locations of water stress, scarcity, and historical drought.
- Drought and links to other disasters - How drought is linked to other major disasters such as poverty, inequality, and conflict.
- Drought resilience, non-technical solutions - Non-technical ways to make water systems more resilient, such as financial, institutional, environmental and social measures.
- Drought resilience, technical solutions - Technical solutions to make water systems more resilient.
- Drought cycle management - Four stages of drought management: normal, alert, emergency, recovery.
- Framework for evaluation of projects in drought-prone areas - a set of questions to help evaluate projects.
Both technical and non-technical components are important in discussing how to make water systems resilient. In many cases, it is not technical issues which cause projects to become unsustainable, but non-technical issues such as management, social relationships and community dynamics. A useful model to use is the FIETS model, which covers five dimensions of sustainability: Financial, Institutional, Environmental, Technical, and Social.
Technical measures
The technical measures to consider while planning a project can be divided into three types:
- Improving the availability of water over space (more points of water increase access for people and livestock).
- Improving the availability of water over time (more water available to last the entire dry season, or with agriculture, short dry spells).
- Improving techniques that influence water demand, such as water-saving technologies, irrigation practices, re-use techniques and drought-resistant crops.
Non-technical measures
- Financial & economic solutions - e.g. availability of micro-finance to users to replicate technology
- Institutional solutions - e.g. establishment of effective water user associations to manage communal facilities
- Environmental solutions - e.g. siting of seasonal water points in relation to pasture availability in pastoral areas
- Social solutions - e.g. changing behavior in water use, use of communal sources, etc.
