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* '''[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_rural_appraisal PRA (Participatory Rural Appraisal)]''' a generalized description which covers a wide range of techniques especially aimed at involving communities in decision-making and self-assessment and in the development of stakeholder partnerships.
* '''[http://www.netssafsswm.netinfo/ category/planning-process-tools/programming-and-planning-frameworks/frameworks-and-approaches/sani-3 NETSSAF] (Network for the development of Sustainable Approaches for large scale implementation of Sanitation in Africa)'''. A [http://www.netssaftutorialsswm.cominfo/sites/default/ files/reference_attachments/NETSSAF%202008%20Participatory%20Planning%20Approach%20Guideline_0.pdf participatory planning approach] that started in June 2006 and sponsored by the European Commission. It's goal was to identify sustainable sanitation systems in peri-urban and rural areas. Focusing on seven steps for the planning and implementation of sanitation programmes in a community, the approach targets planners in West Africa. The approach was developed by 19 organizations from West Africa and Europe.
:A second result of the NETSSAF project was the [http://yellowpagesofsanitation.com/ yellow pages database], which provides information for:
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* [[The Functional Sanitation Ladder]]. The sanitation ladder was originally a tool that developed from participatory approaches such as Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) and Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST). The ladder aimed at providing community members with a visual guide to different sanitation options, providing information on a range of factors (e.g. cost, convenience, upgradeability etc.) in order to facilitate household and communal sanitation planning and decision making. * '''PLA Notes''', a periodical published by the International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED) has regular features about tools for PLA (Participatory Learning and Action) in a range of different situations. One issue is devoted to [http://wwwpubs.irciied.nlorg/page/1866 6154IIED.html?s=PLA PLA in Community Water Management].
* '''Zimbabwe's "Health Clubs"''' give free courses on health and hygiene issues to anyone wishing to attend. They generate commitment and spread awareness of critical risks, resulting in measurable improvements in hygiene behaviours. PDF: [http://sanitationupdates.files.wordpress.com/2009/11/zimbabwe-healthclubs.pdf Scaling up the Community Health Club Model to meet the MDGs for Sanitation in rural and urban areas: Case Studies from Zimbabwe and Uganda].
* '''The NORWASP project''' in Ghana uses a "Health and Hygiene Game" to stimulate awareness.
* '''IRC's Technical Paper 29, - [http://www.ircircwash.nlorg/pageresources/3374 just-stir-gently-way-mix-hygiene-education-water-supply-and-sanitation Just Stir Gentlystir gently : the way to mix hygiene education with water supply and sanitation]''' includes a table (page 106) giving the pros and cons of different visual tools that can be prepared in advance for facilitating community group discussions.
* [http://water.worldbank.org/shw-resource-guide/promotion/hygiene-promotion-approaches/phast The Participatory Hygiene and Sanitation Transformation (PHAST)]. The World Bank.
* [http://webwww.worldbanksolutionsforwater.org/WBSITEwp-content/EXTERNALuploads/TOPICS2011/EXTPOVERTY12/EXTISPMA/0,,contentMDK:20193714~menuPK:415131~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:384329,00SARAR-METHODOLOGY-FACTSHEET.html pdf SARAR: Self-esteem, Associative strength, Resourcefulness, Action planning and Responsibility]. Poverty Reduction & Equity - The World Bank.
* [http://gopubdocs.worldbank.org/H20XFLV650 en/761261495030334667/wbg-archives-30099558.pdf Participatory Rural Appraisal]. Social Analysis - The World Bank.
* [httphttps://www.unicef.org/mozambiquemedia/WASH_baseline_survey_UNICEF_27020955276/file/Progress%20on%20drinking%20water,%20sanitation%20and%20hygiene%202019%20.pdf Survey - Water, sanitation and hygiene: Findings of a household survey conducted in 18 districts of Mozambique]. UNICEF, January 20092019.
* '''[httphttps://homepagegamechangenetwork.ntlworld.comorg/l.mayouxmethodology/Page3_Orglearning/PALS/PALSIntro.htm PALS (participatory-action-learning-system Participatory Action Learning System)]''' aims to empower people (particularly the very poor, as individuals and communities) to collect, analyse and use information to improve and gain more control over their lives.
* Mandakini Pant, [httphttps://wwwaladin.uil.unesco.org/education/aladin/paldin/pdf/course01/unit_12.pdf Participatory Training Methodology and Materials]. UNESCO.* Word Doc: [http://wwwocw.netssaftutorialunesco-ihe.comorg/pluginfile.php/706/fileadminmod_folder/DATA_CDcontent/03_Step30/3C6_Review_of_the_existing_participatory_sanitation_planning_tools12_NETSAFF_Sanitation_planning_Feb_2008_.doc Review of participatory sanitation planning tools?forcedownload=1 NETSSAF Sanitation Planning, 2008]. Produced by the NETSAFF project.* PDF: [http://wwwwatsanmissionassistant.wateraidwikispaces.netcom/penwebfile/docsview/ParticipatorymethodParticipatory+Methodology+Facilitation+Guide+%28WaterAID%29.pdf Participatory Methodology Facilitation Guide]. WaterAid. 2002.
* IRC - [http://www.ircwash.org/resources/somali-phast-step-step-guide Somali PHAST step-by-step guide] (2007).
* WHO - [http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/63260/1/WHO_EOS_96.11.pdf?ua=1 Participatory hygiene and sanitation transformation: A new approach to working with communities] (2000 reprint).
* WHO - [httphttps://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsanpublications/phastep/en/index.html PHAST step-by-step guide: A participatory approach for the control of diarrhoeal diseases] (1998). (French version also available)* PDF: Simpson-Herbert, M., Sawyer, R. & Clarke, L. (1997). [http://www.netssaftutorialwho.comint/fileadminwater_sanitation_health/DATA_CDhygiene/03_Step3envsan/SE39._PHASTEOS96-11a.pdf The PHAST initiative].
* PDF: WHO - [http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/hygiene/envsan/EOS96-11b.pdf Experiences in pilot countries] (Botswana, Kenya, Uganda, Zimbabwe).
* [http://www.afro.who.int/wshen/phastmedia-centre/pressreleases/item/473-environment-and-health-who-proposes-a-strategy-for-the-african-region.html Environment and health: WHO/AFRO information on PHASTproposes a strategy for the African region].
* PDF: Kvarnström, E. & Petersens, E. (2004). [http://www.ecosanres.org/pdf_files/ESR_Publications_2004/ESR3web.pdf Open planning of sanitation systems].
* PDF: International Water Association. [http://www.sswm.info/sites/default/files/reference_attachments/IWA%202005%20Sanitation21%20Simple%20Approach%20to%20Complex%20Sanitation.pdf Sanitation 21, Simple Approaches to Complex Sanitation].
* EAWAG (2005). [http://www.eawag.ch/forschung/sandec/index The Household-Centred Environmental Sanitation (HCES) approach] (available in English, Spanish, French).
* PDF: Kar, K. (2005). [http://www.communityledtotalsanitation.org/sites/communityledtotalsanitation.org/files/Guidelines_for_triggering_CLTS_0.pdf Practical Guide to Triggering Community-Led Total Sanitation (CLTS)].
* PDF: [http://www.livelihoodscommunityledtotalsanitation.org/sites/communityledtotalsanitation.org/hot_topicsfiles/CLTSmedia/cltshandbook.html#2 pdf Community Led Total Sanitation].* Word Doc: [http://www.netssaftutorial.com/fileadmin/DATA_CD/03_Step3/3C6_Review_of_the_existing_participatory_sanitation_planning_tools.doc Review of the existing participatory sanitation planning].
===Acknowledgments===
* [httphttps://www.washalliance.nl/wpwash-content/blogsalliance.dirorg/2news/files/sites/2/2013fiets-sustainability-approach-videos/06/fiets_sustainability_approach_color.pdf FIETS sustainability approach]. Dutch WASH Alliance.
* [http://www.ircwash.org/resources/reflecting-group-processes-resource-document-participatory-techniques-water-supply-and Reflecting group processes : a resource document on participatory techniques for water supply and sanitation projects]. IRC.
