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Natural ground catchment and Open water reservoir

3 bytes added, 00:06, 18 April 2012
Water extraction and treatment
* With preventive methods to reduce turbidity (silt trap, extraction method) the water is still turbid & contaminated and will require treatment.
* For direct abstraction, promotion of household water treatment is advocated. Choice of household water treatment technology should be based on efficiency of removing contaminants present in the water.
* Open waters are subject to cyanobacteria, due to too many nutrients in the water. The start of the rainy season is the most likely time for cyanobacterial proliferation. Cyanobacteria can be harmful to human health and can cause minor disorders such as headaches or lethal deterioration of hepatic functions and promotion of liver cancer. However, the impact of cyanobacteria has largely been neglected in developing countries due to lack of expertise and inefficiency of monitoring programmes (if they exist). For open waters that may be prone to cyanobacterial blooms, a [[Concrete Biosand Filter]] is a good choice due to its ability to remove cyanobacterial toxins. * Other technologies however may be more suitable for mobile communities (e.g. [[Sodis]] or a [[Ceramic pot filter]], depending on turbidity levels).
For reservoirs near urban environments or where the runoff area has intensive agriculture practised in its vicinity, diversification of water resources is a good idea to provide alternatives for direct drinking purposes. Strengthening controls and restrictions on use of illegal substances will also help.
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